Evaluating Integral using Leibnitz's rule

Calculus Level 3

0 1 x 1 ln x d x = ? \large \int_0^1\frac{x-1}{\ln x}\, dx = \, ?

ln 2 \ln2 ln 3 \ln 3 ln 5 \ln5 ln 6 \ln6

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1 solution

Hana Wehbi
Sep 24, 2016

Relevant wiki: Differentiation Under the Integral Sign

In order to evaluate the given integral, we resort to the following device.

Define ϕ ( α ) = 0 1 x α 1 ln x d x ; α > 0 \phi(\alpha)=\int_0^1\frac{x^{\alpha}-1}{\ln x}dx; \alpha>0

then by Leibnitz's rule:

ϕ ( α ) = 0 1 α ( x α 1 ln x ) = 0 1 x α ln x ln x d x = 0 1 x α d x = 1 α + 1 \phi'(\alpha)=\large \int_0^1 \frac{\partial}{\partial \alpha}\left(\frac{x^{\alpha}-1}{\ln x}\right)= \int_0^1\frac{x^{\alpha}\ln x}{\ln x}dx= \int_0^1x^{\alpha}dx= \frac{1}{\alpha +1} .

Integrating with respect to α \alpha ,

ϕ ( α ) = ln ( α + 1 ) + c \phi(\alpha)= \ln(\alpha + 1) + c But since ϕ ( 0 ) = 0 , a n d c = 0 \phi(0)=0 ,\ and \ c=0 and so ϕ ( α ) = ln ( α ) + 1 \phi(\alpha)=\ln(\alpha)+1 .

Then, the value of our integral is ln 2 \boxed{\ln 2} .

The applicability of Leibnitz's rule is ok here since we are defining: F ( x , α ) = ( x α 1 ln x ) , where 0 < x < 1 F(x,\alpha)=\bigg(\frac{x^\alpha -1}{\ln x}\bigg), \text{where} \ 0<x<1 ,

F ( 0 , α ) = 0 , F ( 1 , α ) = α F(0,\alpha)=0, F(1,\alpha)=\alpha , then F ( x , α ) F(x,\alpha) is continuous in both x x and α \alpha for 0 x 1 0\le x\le 1 and for all finite α \alpha .

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