Calvin calls a set of any five consecutive positive integers (each less than 100) as honest if their product is not divisible by 840.
If the probability that a given set of any five consecutive positive integers (each less than 100) is honest can be expressed as b a , where a and b are coprime positive integers, then find the value of a + b .
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Nice use of computer science to solve the problem.👍👍👍
8 4 0 = 2 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 . Now, any 5-tuples of consecutive positive integers would have a multiple of 2, a multiple of 3, a multiple of 4 and a multiple of 5. So, the product of any 5 -tuples would be a factor of 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 2 3 × 3 × 5 . So, the set of all honest positive integers is simply those 5-tuples which do not contain a multiple of 7 in it. Such 5-tuples 2 in every 7 of the consecutive sets that can be formed. So, the honest sets are those which start with 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 and so on. There are 2 8 such sets. And the total 5-tuples of consecutive no. each less than 100 which can be formed is 95. So, probability required = 9 5 2 8 . So, a + b = 1 2 3 .
Firstly,we note that the product of any 5 consecutive positive integers is always divisible by 8,3 and 5.Hence, for the product of any 5 consecutive integers to be not divisible by 840, none of the 5 numbers should be divisible by 7 (as 840=3×5×7×8).This is possible only if we have the first number, say x, (when the 5 consecutive integers are arranged in increasing order) satisfying the condition : x=1(mod 7) or x=2(mod 7).Keeping in mind that x is atmost 95 , the total solutions of x=1(mod 7) are {1,8,15,......,92} and that of x=2(mod 7) are {2,9,16,.......93}. Hence, total number of possible values of x are 28 values.Hence, favourable outcomes are 28.And, all possible values of x are {1,2,3,.....95} that are 95 total outcomes.Hence, the required probability is favourable number of outcomes divided by total number of outcomes = 28/95. So, our answer is 28+95=123.
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I did this in a not so honest way...
Python 3