Even or Odd?

Write a sequence of numbers from 1 to 8192, randomly rearrange these numbers, you'll have a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , , a 8190 , a 8191 , a 8192 a_1,~~a_2,~~a_3,~~\ldots,~~a_{8190},~~a_{8191},~~a_{8192} Now find the difference of every adjacent two numbers: a 1 a 2 , a 3 a 4 , , a 8189 a 8190 , a 8191 a 8192 \vert a_1-a_2\vert,~~\vert a_3-a_4 \vert,~~ \ldots,~~\vert a_{8189}-a_{8190}\vert,~~\vert a_{8191}-a_{8192} \vert Randomly rearrange the results and you'll have a new sequence of numbers: b 1 , b 2 , b 3 , , b 4094 , b 4095 , b 4096 b_1,~~b_2,~~b_3,~~\ldots,~~b_{4094},~~b_{4095},~~b_{4096} Find the difference of every adjacent two numbers: b 1 b 2 , b 3 b 4 , , b 4092 b 4093 , b 4094 b 4096 \vert b_1-b_2\vert,~~\vert b_3-b_4 \vert,~~ \ldots,~~\vert b_{4092}-b_{4093}\vert,~~\vert b_{4094}-b_{4096} \vert Again rearrange the results and you'll have another new sequence of numbers: c 1 , c 2 , c 3 , , c 2046 , c 2047 , c 2048 c_1,~~c_2,~~c_3,~~\ldots,~~c_{2046},~~c_{2047},~~c_{2048} Repeat the process above until you get a number x x . then is x x even or odd?


This is one part of 1+1 is not = to 3 .
What is this?! x x must be an odd number Depends on situations x x must be an even number

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2 solutions

Kenneth Tan
Oct 30, 2014

Firstly, we need to know 2 of these crucial facts of the day! n n ( m o d 2 ) n\equiv -n \pmod {2} and n n ( m o d 2 ) \vert n \vert \equiv n \pmod {2} Now, x = m 1 m 2 m 1 + m 2 m 1 + m 2 = l 1 l 2 + l 3 l 4 l 1 + l 2 + l 3 + l 4 = k 1 k 2 + k 3 k 4 + k 5 k 6 + k 7 k 8 k 1 + k 2 + k 3 + k 4 + k 5 + k 6 + k 7 + k 8 = b 1 + b 2 + b 3 + + b 4095 + b 4096 = a 1 a 2 + a 3 a 4 + + a 8191 a 8192 a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + + a 8192 = 1 + 2 + 3 + + 8192 0 ( m o d 2 ) \begin{aligned} x&=|m_1-m_2|\\&\equiv |m_1+m_2|\\&\equiv m_1+m_2\\&=|l_1-l_2|+|l_3-l_4| \\&\equiv l_1+l_2+l_3+l_4\\&=|k_1-k_2|+|k_3-k_4|+|k_5-k_6|+|k_7-k_8| \\&\equiv k_1+k_2+k_3+k_4+k_5+k_6+k_7+k_8 \\&=\ldots \\&\equiv b_1+b_2+b_3+\ldots+b_{4095}+b_{4096} \\&=|a_1-a_2|+|a_3-a_4|+\ldots+|a_{8191}-a_{8192}| \\&\equiv a_1+a_2+a_3+\ldots+a_{8192} \\&=1+2+3+\ldots+8192 \\&\equiv 0\pmod {2} \end{aligned} Hence, x x must be even.

Rick B
Oct 27, 2014

The initial sequence has as many even numbers as odd numbers (and the quantity of both is even). When an odd number meets an odd number, they will result in even number, so the amount of odd numbers will decrease by 2 2 (or a multiple of 2 2 , if this happens multiple times between two sequences). When an odd number meets an even number, they will result in an odd number, so the amount of odd numbers will stay the same. With these results, we proved that the amount of odd numbers will always be even.

This implies that the last number is even, because otherwise there would be an odd amount (in this case, 1 1 ) of odd numbers. Also, there would need to be an odd amount of odd numbers in all of the previous sequences, among the which the initial sequence of the problem would obviously not be.

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