Every perfect number is perfect! ... or are they?

28 28 is an even perfect number that can be expressed in the form: n 3 + 1 n^3 + 1 where n n is an integer

Are there more even perfect numbers that can be expressed as such?

Yes Ambiguous No

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Jun 8, 2019

An even perfect number can be written as 2 p 1 ( 2 p 1 ) 2^{p-1}(2^p-1) where both p p and 2 p 1 2^p-1 are prime. If we can find a positive integer n n and a prime p p such that 2 p 1 2^p-1 is prime and the perfect number X X satisfies X = ( n + 1 ) ( n 2 n + 1 ) = n 3 + 1 = 2 p 1 ( 2 p 1 ) X = (n+1)(n^2-n+1) = n^3+1 \; = \; 2^{p-1}(2^p-1) then n n must be odd, so that n + 1 n+1 is even and n 2 n + 1 n^2-n+1 is odd. If n = 1 n=1 then X = 2 X=2 and no prime p p exists. Thus n > 1 n > 1 , so that n 2 n + 1 > 0 n^2 - n + 1 > 0 . Thus n + 1 = 2 p 1 n+1 = 2^{p-1} and n 2 n + 1 = 2 p 1 n^2-n+1 = 2^p-1 . Eliminating p p from these equations yields 0 = n ( n 3 ) 0 \; = \; n(n-3) so that n = 3 n=3 , so that p = 3 p=3 and X = 28 X=28 . Thus 28 28 is the only even perfect number that is one more than a cube.

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