is an even perfect number that can be expressed in the form: where is an integer
Are there more even perfect numbers that can be expressed as such?
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An even perfect number can be written as 2 p − 1 ( 2 p − 1 ) where both p and 2 p − 1 are prime. If we can find a positive integer n and a prime p such that 2 p − 1 is prime and the perfect number X satisfies X = ( n + 1 ) ( n 2 − n + 1 ) = n 3 + 1 = 2 p − 1 ( 2 p − 1 ) then n must be odd, so that n + 1 is even and n 2 − n + 1 is odd. If n = 1 then X = 2 and no prime p exists. Thus n > 1 , so that n 2 − n + 1 > 0 . Thus n + 1 = 2 p − 1 and n 2 − n + 1 = 2 p − 1 . Eliminating p from these equations yields 0 = n ( n − 3 ) so that n = 3 , so that p = 3 and X = 2 8 . Thus 2 8 is the only even perfect number that is one more than a cube.