If n = 1 ∑ ∞ 5 n n 5 = W 3 3 5 M with M and W are coprime positive integers, then find M − W .
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The following can be done by using polylogaritms,
P o l y l o g [ − 5 , 5 ] = 5 1 2 3 5 3 5
Hence,
1 0 1 − 8 = 9 3
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For − 1 < x < 1 , we have:
n = 0 ∑ ∞ x n n = 1 ∑ ∞ n x n − 1 n = 1 ∑ ∞ n x n n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 2 x n − 1 n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 2 x n n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 3 x n − 1 n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 3 x n n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 4 x n − 1 n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 4 x n n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 5 x n − 1 n = 1 ∑ ∞ n 5 x n n = 1 ∑ ∞ 5 n n 5 = 1 − x 1 = ( 1 − x ) 2 1 = ( 1 − x ) 2 x = ( 1 − x ) 3 1 + x = ( 1 − x ) 3 x ( 1 + x ) = ( 1 − x ) 4 1 + 4 x + x 2 = ( 1 − x ) 4 x + 4 x 2 + x 3 = ( 1 − x ) 5 1 + 1 1 x + 1 1 x 2 + x 3 = ( 1 − x ) 5 x + 1 1 x 2 + 1 1 x 3 + x 4 = ( 1 − x ) 6 1 + 2 6 x + 6 6 x 2 + 2 6 x 3 + x 4 = ( 1 − x ) 6 x + 2 6 x 2 + 6 6 x 3 + 2 6 x 4 + x 5 = ( 1 − 5 1 ) 6 5 1 + 5 2 2 6 + 5 3 6 6 + 5 4 2 6 + 5 5 1 = 5 1 2 3 5 3 5 = 8 3 3 5 ⋅ 1 0 1 Differentiate both sides Multiply both sides by x Differentiate again × x again Differentiate again × x again Differentiate again × x again Differentiate again × x again Put x = 5 1
⟹ M − W = 1 0 1 − 8 = 9 3 .
Alternative solution