Existence is key

Calculus Level 1

Evaluate lim x π 2 sin ( x π 2 ) x 2 π x + π 2 4 \large \lim\limits_{x \to \frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{2}\right)}{x^2-\pi x +\frac{\pi^2}{4}} Answer 0.12345 -0.12345 if this limit doesn't exist.

Also check out my past 3 notes on differentiating tetrations: Note 1 , Note 2 and Note 3


The answer is -0.12345.

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4 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Aug 26, 2020

L = lim x π 2 sin ( x π 2 ) x 2 π x + π 2 4 = lim x π 2 sin ( x π 2 ) ( x π 2 ) 2 Let u = x π 2 = lim u 0 sin u u 1 u = lim u 0 1 u \begin{aligned} L & = \lim_{x \to \frac \pi 2} \frac {\sin \left(x-\frac \pi 2\right)}{x^2 - \pi x + \frac {\pi^2}4} = \lim_{x \to \frac \pi 2} \frac {\sin \left(x-\frac \pi 2\right)}{\left(x-\frac \pi 2\right)^2} & \small \blue{\text{Let }u = x - \frac \pi 2} \\ & = \lim_{u \to 0} \frac {\sin u}u \cdot \frac 1u = \lim_{u \to 0} \frac 1u \end{aligned}

L = lim u 0 1 u { L = lim u 0 1 u = L + = lim u 0 + 1 u = \displaystyle \implies L = \lim_{u \to 0} \dfrac 1u \implies \begin{cases} \displaystyle L^- = \lim_{u \to 0^-} \dfrac 1u = - \infty \\ \displaystyle L^+ = \lim_{u \to 0^+} \dfrac 1u = \infty \end{cases}

Since L L + L^- \ne L^+ , L L is undefined .

Lâm Lê
Aug 27, 2020

I'm not going to explain but the denominator approaches 0 0 and division by 0 0 is impossible so the answer is 0.12345 -0.12345

Lhopital is an exception

Kano Boom - 9 months, 2 weeks ago
James Watson
Aug 26, 2020

When evaluating this limit from ( π 2 ) + \left(\cfrac{\pi}{2}\right)^{+} , it comes out as \infty . However, evaluating it from ( π 2 ) \left(\cfrac{\pi}{2}\right)^{-} returns -\infty . Since these are not the same, the limit doesn’t exist \green{\boxed{\text{doesn't exist}}}

Kano Boom
Aug 26, 2020

lim x π 2 sin ( x π 2 ) x 2 π x + π 2 4 = lim x π 2 sin ( x ) 2 x π = 1 0 \lim_{x \rightarrow \frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\sin(x-\frac{\pi}{2})}{x^2-\pi x+\frac{\pi^2}{4}} =\lim_{x \rightarrow \frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\sin(x)}{2x-\pi}= \frac{1}{0}

Which is undefined

When dealing with limits, a division by 0 0 with a positive number returns as infinity because it is like dividing by extremely small numbers which returns extremely large numbers which tend to \infty . The same can be said when dividing 0 0 with negative numbers except it tends to -\infty . So 1 0 \cfrac{1}{0} would return \infty when they appear in limits. (when a number "tends" to something, it means approaches)

James Watson - 9 months, 2 weeks ago

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