Expo-Trig equation

Geometry Level 3

8 1 sin 2 x + 8 1 cos 2 x = 30 \large 81^{\sin^2{x}} + 81^{\cos^2{x}} = 30

If A A and B B are the two values of x [ 0 , π 2 ] x \in \left[0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right] such that the equation above is fulfilled, find the value of π A + B \dfrac{\pi}{A+B} .


The answer is 2.

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4 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Sep 20, 2016

8 1 sin 2 x + 8 1 cos 2 x = 30 8 1 sin 2 x + 8 1 1 sin 2 x = 30 8 1 sin 2 x + 81 8 1 sin 2 x = 30 Let y = 8 1 sin 2 x y + 81 y = 30 y 2 30 y + 81 = 0 ( y 3 ) ( y 27 ) = 0 \begin{aligned} 81^{\sin^2 x} + 81^{\cos^2 x} & = 30 \\ 81^{\sin^2 x} + 81^{1 - \sin^2 x} & = 30 \\ \color{#3D99F6}{81^{\sin^2 x}} + \frac {81}{\color{#3D99F6}{81^{\sin^2 x}}} & = 30 & \small \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Let } y = 81^{\sin^2 x}} \\ \color{#3D99F6}{y} + \frac {81}{\color{#3D99F6}{y}} & = 30 \\ \implies y^2 -30y + 81 & = 0 \\ (y-3)(y-27) & = 0 \end{aligned}

{ y = 3 , 8 1 sin 2 x = 3 4 sin 2 x = 3 1 , 4 sin 2 x = 1 , sin x = 1 2 , x = π 6 = A y = 27 , 8 1 sin 2 x = 3 4 sin 2 x = 3 3 , 4 sin 2 x = 3 , sin x = 3 2 , x = π 3 = B \implies \begin{cases} y = 3, & 81^{\sin^2 x} = 3^{4\sin^2 x} = 3^1, & 4\sin^2 x = 1, & \sin x = \frac 12, & x = \frac \pi 6 = A \\ y = 27, & 81^{\sin^2 x} = 3^{4\sin^2 x} = 3^3, & 4\sin^2 x = 3, & \sin x = \frac {\sqrt 3}2, & x = \frac \pi 3=B \end{cases}

π A + B = π π 6 + π 3 = 1 1 6 + 1 3 = 2 \implies \dfrac {\pi}{A+B} = \dfrac {\pi}{\frac \pi 6 + \frac \pi 3} = \dfrac 1{\frac 16 + \frac 13} = \boxed{2}

Sabhrant Sachan
Sep 20, 2016

Multiply Both sides by 8 1 c o s 2 x 8 1 s i n 2 x + c o s 2 x + 8 1 2 c o s 2 x = 30 × 8 1 c o s 2 x = 81 + 8 1 2 c o s 2 x = 30 × 8 1 c o s 2 x Put 8 1 c o s 2 x = y 81 + y 2 = 30 y = y 2 30 y + 81 = 0 = y 2 27 y 3 y + 81 = 0 = ( y 27 ) ( y 3 ) = 0 8 1 c o s 2 x = 27 , 3 = 3 4 c o s 2 x = 3 3 , 3 1 c o s 2 x = 3 4 , 1 4 x = π 6 , π 3 \text {Multiply Both sides by } 81^{cos^2x} \\ \implies 81^{sin^2x+cos^2x}+81^{2cos^2x}=30\times81^{cos^2x}\\ = 81+81^{2cos^2x}=30\times81^{cos^2x}\\ \text {Put } 81^{cos^2x}=y \\ \implies 81+y^2=30y \\ =y^2-30y+81=0 \\= y^2-27y-3y+81=0\\ = (y-27)(y-3)=0 \\\implies 81^{cos^2x}=27,3 \\ = 3^{4cos^2x}=3^3,3^1\\ cos^2x=\dfrac34,\dfrac14\\ x=\dfrac{\pi}6,\dfrac{\pi}3

Superb! (+1)

Ashish Menon - 4 years, 8 months ago

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Long time no talk 😃

Sabhrant Sachan - 4 years, 8 months ago

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Yes, I dont come here much now, though i do maintain my streak :P

Ashish Menon - 4 years, 8 months ago
Viki Zeta
Sep 19, 2016

8 1 sin 2 x + 8 1 cos 2 x = 30 Let cos 2 x = a sin 2 x = 1 a 8 1 sin 2 x + 8 1 cos 2 x = 30 8 1 1 a + 8 1 a = 30 8 1 1 × 8 1 a + 8 1 a = 30 81 8 1 a + 8 1 a = 30 81 + 8 1 2 a 8 1 a = 30 81 + 8 1 2 a = 30 × 8 1 a 8 1 2 a 30 × 8 1 a + 81 = 0 Let 8 1 a = x ( 8 1 x ) 2 30 × 8 1 a + 81 = 0 x 2 30 x + 81 = 0 x 2 3 x 27 x + 81 = 0 x ( x 3 ) 27 ( x 3 ) = 0 ( x 27 ) ( x 3 ) = 0 x = 27 , x = 3 8 1 a = 27 , 8 1 a = 3 ( 3 4 ) a = 3 3 , ( 3 4 ) a = 3 3 4 a = 3 3 , 3 4 a = 3 4 a = 3 , 4 a = 1 sin 2 x = 3 4 , sin x = 1 4 sin x = 3 4 , sin x = 1 2 x = 60 , x = 30 A = π 3 ; B = π 6 Therefore, the answer is π π 3 + π 6 = π 0.5 π = 2 \large 81^{\sin^2{x}} + 81^{\cos^2{x}} = 30 \\ \text{Let } \cos^2x = a \\ \implies \sin^2 x = 1 - a \\ \therefore 81^{\sin^2{x}} + 81^{\cos^2{x}} = 30 \\ 81^{1-a} + 81^{a} = 30 \\ 81^1\times81^{-a} + 81^{a} = 30 \\ \dfrac{81}{81^a} + 81^a = 30 \\ \dfrac{81 + 81^{2a}}{81^a} = 30 \\ 81 + 81^{2a} = 30\times81^a \\ 81^{2a} - 30\times81^a+81 = 0 \\ \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Let }81^a = x} \\ \implies (81^x)^2 - 30\times81^a + 81 = 0 \\ x^2 - 30x + 81 = 0 \\ x^2 - 3x - 27x + 81 = 0 \\ x(x-3) - 27(x-3) = 0 \\ (x-27)(x-3) = 0 \\ \color{#D61F06}{x = 27, x = 3} \\ \implies 81^a = 27, 81^a = 3 \\ (3^{4})^a = 3^{3}, (3^4)^a = 3 \\ 3^{4a} = 3^3, 3^{4a} = 3 \\ \color{#3D99F6}{4a = 3, 4a = 1} \\ \color{#3D99F6}{\therefore \sin^2x = \dfrac{3}{4}, \sin^x = \dfrac{1}{4}} \\ \implies \sin x = \dfrac{\sqrt[]{3}}{4}, \sin x = \dfrac{1}{2} \\ \implies x = 60, x = 30\\ A = \dfrac{\pi}{3}; B = \dfrac{\pi}{6} \\ \color{#3D99F6}{\text{Therefore, the answer is } \dfrac{\pi}{\dfrac{\pi}{3} +\dfrac{\pi}{6}} = \dfrac{\pi}{0.5\pi} = \fbox{ 2 }}

Good, but you could've used fewer steps. Also, in the 5th step from the bottom, change the sin x \sin^{x} to sin x \sin{x} .

Rishav Koirala - 4 years, 8 months ago

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thanks will update it

Viki Zeta - 4 years, 8 months ago

See a shorter version below (my solution).

Also, it is not recommended to use the same variable (in this case: x) for two different expressions within the same solution.

(e.g. "Let 8 1 a = y " would have been much better, than "Let 8 1 a = x ") \text { (e.g. "Let } 81^a = y \text { " would have been much better, than "Let } 81^a = x \text { ") }

Zee Ell - 4 years, 8 months ago

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I'll look into it when an on my computer

Viki Zeta - 4 years, 8 months ago
Zee Ell
Sep 19, 2016

8 1 s i n 2 x + 8 1 c o s 2 x = 30 81^{sin^2x} + 81^{cos^2x} = 30

8 1 s i n 2 x + 8 1 1 s i n 2 x = 30 81^{sin^2x} + 81^{1 - sin^2x} = 30

8 1 s i n 2 x + 81 8 1 s i n 2 x = 30 81^{sin^2x} + \frac {81}{ 81^{sin^2x} } = 30

Let y = 8 1 s i n 2 x \text {Let } y = 81^{sin^2x}

Then:

y + 81 y = 30 y + \frac {81}{y} = 30

y 2 30 y + 81 = 0 y^2 - 30y + 81 = 0

( y 3 ) ( y 27 ) = 0 (y - 3)(y - 27) = 0

y = 3 or y = 27

Substituting these values back into

y = 8 1 s i n 2 x = 3 4 s i n 2 x y = 81^{sin^2x} = 3^{4sin^2x}

we get:

sin x = ± 3 2 or sin x = ± 1 2 \sin {x} = ± \frac { \sqrt {3} }{2} \text { or } \sin {x} = ± \frac { 1 }{2}

and solving it for 0 x π 2 \text {and solving it for } 0 ≤ x ≤ \frac {π}{2}

A = π 3 A = \frac {π}{3}

B = π 6 B = \frac {π}{6}

Hence,

π A + B = π π 3 + π 6 = π π 2 = 2 \frac {π}{A + B} =\frac {π}{ \frac {π}{3} + \frac {π}{6} } = \frac {π}{ \frac {π}{2} } = \boxed {2}

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