Exponents are not so straightforward!

Algebra Level 5

Let x 0 x_0 be the number of positive real solutions to x 1. 2 1.2 = 1. 2 x \large x^{1.2^{1.2}} = 1.2^x And y 0 y_0 be the number of positive real solutions to y x 0 x 0 = x 0 y \large y^{x_0^{x_0}} =x_0^y Find the sum of all real positive solutions z z to the equation z y 0 = x 0 z \large z^{y_0}=x_0^z


Inspiration .


The answer is 6.

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1 solution

Consider the equation x c c = c x \displaystyle x^{c^c}=c^x where c c is a real constant and x x is what we are looking forward to,

c c ln x = x ln c e ln x ln x = c c ln c \displaystyle \implies c^c\ln x =x\ln c \implies -e^{-\ln x}\ln x = -c^{-c}\ln c and Now taking Lambert W function on both sides we have

ln x = W ( c c ln c ) x = e W ( c c ln c ) \displaystyle -\ln x = {\rm W}(-c^{-c}\ln c) \implies x=e^{-{\rm W}(-c^{-c}\ln c)}

For c = 1.2 c=1.2 it turns out to be x 20.67660773 x\approx20.67660773 & x 1.190540017 x\approx 1.190540017 and so x 0 = 2 x_0=2

Now for the equation y k = d y k ln y = y ln d e ln y ln y = ln d k W ( e ln y ln y ) = W ( ln d k ) y = e W ( ln d k ) \displaystyle y^{k}=d^y \implies k\ln y=y\ln d \implies -e^{-\ln y}\ln y=\frac{-\ln d}{k}\implies {\rm W}(-e^{-\ln y}\ln y) = {\rm W}(\frac{\ln d}{k})\implies y = e^{-{\rm W}(\frac{\ln d}{k})}

For k = 4 k=4 & d = 2 d=2 since x 0 x 0 = 4 x_0^{x_0}=4 we have two solutions x 16 x\approx 16 & x 1.24 x\approx 1.24 and so y 0 = 2 y_0=2

Now the last equation is z 2 = 2 z \displaystyle z^2=2^z which handled in similar manner shows z = 2 , 4 z=2,4 are the only positive solutions. So answer is 2 + 4 = 6 \boxed{2+4=6}

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