Face up the problem bravely

Determine the largest positive integer d d satisfying the following two properties:

  1. d d is a divisor of ( 2018 ! ) ! (2018!)! .

  2. No element in the set A = { x Z 2018 x 2018 ! } A= \{ x∈Z|2018≤x≤2018! \} is a divisor of d d .


Notation: n ! n! is the factorial of a positive integer n n , and ( n ! ) ! (n!)! is the factorial of n ! n! .

Hint: Don't let the strange numbers shackle your mind. (And see if you can figure out the general situation.)

2017 2017! + 2017 2019! + 1 2019! + 2017

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1 solution

Haosen Chen
Feb 14, 2018

Easy too check that 2017 2017 satisfies properties (1) and (2). And I'll prove it's the largest in the following discussion.

Proof by contradiction.

1. Assume 2017 2017 is not the largest.

Then there exists a smallest integer that larger than 2017 2017 and satisfies properties (1) and (2),say, c c ,

i.e._(1): c c is a divisor of ( 2018 ! ) ! (2018!)! and _(2):any element in set A = { x Z 2018 x 2018 ! } A= \{ x∈Z|2018≤x≤2018! \} is not a divisor of c c .

2. We see that c c is larger than 2018 ! 2018! . Because, if not, c c will be someone in set A A , thus c c is not equipped with property (2),contradiction.

So since c 2018 ! + 1 c≥2018!+1 and c c divides ( 2018 ! ) ! (2018!)! , c c cannot be a prime number , as every prime factor of ( 2018 ! ) ! (2018!)! is no larger than 2018 ! 2018! .

3. Suppose one prime factor of c c is p p .

Because any number in A A ,say k k , is not a divisor of c c , k k cannot divide p p and c p \frac{c}{p} .

Besides,since c c divides ( 2018 ! ) ! (2018!)! , p and c p \frac{c}{p} divide ( 2018 ! ) ! (2018!)! ,too.

Thus p and c p \frac{c}{p} have properties (1) and (2).

4. Now,since c is the smallest integer that larger than 2017 2017 and satisfies (1) and (2),

and note p p and c p \frac{c}{p} are less than c c , p p and c p \frac{c}{p} should both less than or equal to 2017 ,

which leads to c = p × c p 201 7 2 c={p}×\frac{c}{p}≤2017^{2} . But remember c c > 2018 ! > 201 7 2 >2018!>2017^{2} . Contradiction! Thus the 2017 \boxed{2017} is the largest. \Box

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General Situation .

Given m m as an integer larger than 2 2 and n n as an integer larger than m ( m 2 ) m(m-2) .Determine the largest integer d d satisfying following properties:

(1) d n ! d|n! ,

(2)any element in set A = { x Z m x n } A= \{ x∈Z|m≤x≤n\} is not a divisor of d d .

——-——Similarly,the answer is m 1 m-1 .

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