Determine the largest positive integer satisfying the following two properties:
is a divisor of .
No element in the set is a divisor of .
Notation: is the factorial of a positive integer , and is the factorial of .
Hint: Don't let the strange numbers shackle your mind. (And see if you can figure out the general situation.)
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Easy too check that 2 0 1 7 satisfies properties (1) and (2). And I'll prove it's the largest in the following discussion.
Proof by contradiction.
1. Assume 2 0 1 7 is not the largest.
Then there exists a smallest integer that larger than 2 0 1 7 and satisfies properties (1) and (2),say, c ,
i.e._(1): c is a divisor of ( 2 0 1 8 ! ) ! and _(2):any element in set A = { x ∈ Z ∣ 2 0 1 8 ≤ x ≤ 2 0 1 8 ! } is not a divisor of c .
2. We see that c is larger than 2 0 1 8 ! . Because, if not, c will be someone in set A , thus c is not equipped with property (2),contradiction.
So since c ≥ 2 0 1 8 ! + 1 and c divides ( 2 0 1 8 ! ) ! , c cannot be a prime number , as every prime factor of ( 2 0 1 8 ! ) ! is no larger than 2 0 1 8 ! .
3. Suppose one prime factor of c is p .
Because any number in A ,say k , is not a divisor of c , k cannot divide p and p c .
Besides,since c divides ( 2 0 1 8 ! ) ! , p and p c divide ( 2 0 1 8 ! ) ! ,too.
Thus p and p c have properties (1) and (2).
4. Now,since c is the smallest integer that larger than 2 0 1 7 and satisfies (1) and (2),
and note p and p c are less than c , p and p c should both less than or equal to 2017 ,
which leads to c = p × p c ≤ 2 0 1 7 2 . But remember c > 2 0 1 8 ! > 2 0 1 7 2 . Contradiction! Thus the 2 0 1 7 is the largest. □
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General Situation .
Given m as an integer larger than 2 and n as an integer larger than m ( m − 2 ) .Determine the largest integer d satisfying following properties:
(1) d ∣ n ! ,
(2)any element in set A = { x ∈ Z ∣ m ≤ x ≤ n } is not a divisor of d .
——-——Similarly,the answer is m − 1 .