Factor A Degree 100 Polynomial (II)

Algebra Level 5

Can the polynomial ( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 100 ) + 1 (x-1)(x-2)(x-3) \cdots (x-100) + 1 be factorized into 2 non-constant polynomials with integer coefficients?


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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Nov 20, 2016

If we can write this polynomial as a product A ( x ) B ( x ) A(x)B(x) of two nonconstant polynomials in Z [ x ] \mathbb{Z}[x] , then A ( j ) B ( j ) = 1 A(j)B(j) = 1 for all 1 j 100 1 \le j \le 100 , so that A ( j ) = B ( j ) = ± 1 A(j) = B(j) = \pm 1 for all 1 j 100 1 \le j \le 100 . Thus A ( x ) B ( x ) A(x) - B(x) is a polynomial of degree at most 99 99 which has at least 100 100 distinct zeros. Thus A ( x ) B ( x ) A(x) - B(x) must be identically zero, and hence A ( x ) B ( x ) A(x) \equiv B(x) , so that f ( x ) j = 1 100 ( x j ) + 1 A ( x ) 2 f(x) \; \equiv \; \prod_{j=1}^{100}(x-j) + 1 \; \equiv \; A(x)^2 But this would imply that f ( 99.5 ) = A ( 99.5 ) 2 0 f(99.5) \,=\, A(99.5)^2 \ge 0 , while in fact f ( 99.5 ) 2.6426 × 1 0 154 f(99.5) \approx -2.6426 \times 10^{154} . No such factorization is possible.

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