Multiple Mystery

lcm ( a , b ) = lcm ( b , c ) = lcm ( c , a ) = a + b + c 1 \text{lcm} (a, b) = \text{lcm}(b, c) =\text{lcm}(c, a) = a + b + c -1

Let a < b < c a < b < c be the positive integers satisfying the constraint above.

If 29 29 is the largest number that can not be represented as the sum of a , b , c a, b, c multiples, also known as Frobenius number , what is the value of lcm ( a 1 , b 1 , c 1 ) \text{lcm}(a-1, b-1, c-1) ?

Note : lcm ( ) \text{lcm} (\cdot) denotes the least common multiple function.


The answer is 630.

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1 solution

Relevant wiki: Postage Stamp Problem / Chicken McNugget Theorem

Since a l c m ( a , b ) a| lcm(a, b) & a l c m ( c , a ) a| lcm(c, a) , then a l c m ( b , c ) a| lcm(b, c) , for all these multiples are equal.

Then we can use Dr. Warm's formula for the Frobenius number given:

g ( a , b , c ) = l c m ( a , c ) + l c m ( a , b ) a b c = 29 g(a, b, c) = lcm(a, c) + lcm(a, b) - a - b -c = 29

Now from the constraint, suppose x = l c m ( a , b ) = l c m ( b , c ) = l c m ( c , a ) x = lcm(a, b) = lcm(b, c) = lcm(c, a) . Then a + b + c = x + 1 a + b + c = x + 1 .

Hence, 29 = 2 x ( x + 1 ) = x 1 29 = 2x - (x + 1) = x -1 .

Thus, x = 30 = l c m ( a , b ) = l c m ( b , c ) = l c m ( c , a ) x = 30 = lcm(a, b) = lcm(b, c) = lcm(c, a) .

Now since 30 = 2 3 5 30 = 2\cdot 3\cdot 5 , there are only 3 3 prime factors for multiple combination.

The number 30 30 can not be applicable for c c , for the sum of a + b = 1 a+b =1 is not possible as they are positive integers.

By trying all possible factors, it will be obvious that the triple ( a , b , c ) = ( 6 , 10 , 15 ) (a, b, c) = (6, 10, 15) as it is the only combination, where a + b + c 1 = 6 + 10 + 15 1 = 30 a + b + c - 1 = 6+10+15-1 =30 .

As a result, l c m ( a 1 , b 1 , c 1 ) = l c m ( 5 , 9 , 14 ) = 630 lcm(a-1, b-1, c-1) = lcm(5, 9, 14) = \boxed{630} .

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