Let be the largest possible number such that is divisible by . Let the digital sum of be . Find .
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A zero at the end of a number corresponds to having a pair of factors, a 2 and a 5. Since factors of two are always more plentiful than fives in a factorial (you can look at the first handful to convince yourself of this), we need only work out how many factors of 5 there are in 1005! Luckily, there’s a quick way to do this:
Each number less than 1005 which is divisible by five contributes a facor of five, so we’ll start with ⌊ 5 1 0 0 5 ⌋ = 2 0 1
Each number divisible by 25 contributes two fives, but one of these 5’s has already been accounted for, so we only count one more: ⌊ 2 5 1 0 0 5 ⌋ = 4 0
Similar reasoning gives ⌊ 1 2 5 1 0 0 5 ⌋ = 8 extra factors and ⌊ 6 2 5 1 0 0 5 ⌋ = 1 extra, for a total of 250 trailing zeros.
For some reason the question asks for the digital sum less four, so the answer is 3
(If you still aren’t convinced about the factors of 2, try adding them up the same way I’ve done with the 5’s. You’ll get a much larger answer, so we only need to know the number of fives.)