Factorisation, the key to life

Find a + b + c a+b+c in the following equation where 0 a < b < c 0 \le a < b < c and a , b , c a, b, c are integers: a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 7 a b b c a c a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}=7-ab-bc-ac


The answer is 3.

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1 solution

Mohammad Al Ali
May 24, 2014

The equation we are given is: a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 7 a b b c a c a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}=7-ab-bc-ac

Isolating the variables on LHS we attain, a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + a b + b c + a c = 7 a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}+ab+bc+ac=7

We can multiply the equation by 2 to obtain, 2 a 2 + 2 b 2 + 2 c 2 + 2 a b + 2 b c + 2 a c = 14 2a^{2}+2b^{2}+2c^{2}+2ab+2bc+2ac=14

And hence factorized nicely into, ( a + b ) 2 + ( b + c ) 2 + ( a + c ) 2 = 14 (a+b)^2+(b+c)^2+(a+c)^2=14

Note that 14 is simply a sum of 3 distinct squares: 1 2 , 2 2 , 3 2 1^{2}, 2^{2} , 3^{2} .

Since 0 a < b < c 0 \le a < b < c , ( b + c ) 2 (b+c)^2 is largest, followed by ( a + c ) 2 (a+c)^2 and smallest is ( a + b ) 2 (a+b)^2 .

Thus, ( b + c ) 2 = 3 2 (b+c)^2 = 3^2 then, b + c = 3 (1) b+c =3 \tag{1}

Since, ( a + c ) 2 = 2 2 (a+c)^2 = 2^2 then, a + c = 2 (2) a+c =2 \tag{2}

Since, ( a + b ) 2 = 1 2 (a+b)^2 = 1^2 then, a + b = 1 (3) a+b = 1 \tag{3}

Adding ( 1 ) + ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) (1)+(2)+(3) we obtain, 2 a + 2 b + 2 c = 6 2a+2b+2c = 6 and hence,

a + b + c = 3 \boxed{a + b + c = 3}

End of solution.


Extras-- the only solution to this question for ( a , b , c ) (a,b,c) is ( 0 , 1 , 2 ) (0,1,2) .

( 2 ) + ( 3 ) (2) + (3) we obtain: 2 a + b + c = 3 2a+b+c=3

Substituting ( 1 ) (1) in the equation above we get, 2 a + 3 = 3 2a+3=3 which leads to a = 0 a=0 , solving ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) (2) , (3) we see that b = 1 b=1 and c = 2 c =2 .

Note: the question only asks for integers a , b , c a,b,c .

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