A variable triangle circumscribes a semicircle of unit radius, as shown.
Find the minimum area of the triangle.
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If the angles subtended by the radii to the two slant sides of the triangle are x and y as marked, then the triangle has base length sec x + sec y . A little coordinate geometry (solving the equations of the two slant lines simultaneously) gives us that the triangle has height sin ( x + y ) cos x + cos y .
Thus the triangle has area A = 2 sin ( x + y ) ( sec x + sec y ) ( cos x + cos y ) = 2 cos x cos y sin ( x + y ) ( cos x + cos y ) 2 = 2 sin ( x + y ) 1 ( cos y cos x + cos x cos y ) 2 ≥ sin ( x + y ) 2 ≥ 2 with the minimum value of 2 achieved when x = y = 4 5 ∘ .