Fenced Semicircle 2

Geometry Level 3

A variable triangle circumscribes a semicircle of unit radius, as shown.

Find the minimum area of the triangle.


Inspiration

3 2 4 \frac{3\sqrt2}4 3 3 2 \frac{3\sqrt3}2 3 2 2 \frac{3\sqrt2}2 3 3 4 \frac{3\sqrt3}4 2 2

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Aug 19, 2019

If the angles subtended by the radii to the two slant sides of the triangle are x x and y y as marked, then the triangle has base length sec x + sec y \sec x + \sec y . A little coordinate geometry (solving the equations of the two slant lines simultaneously) gives us that the triangle has height cos x + cos y sin ( x + y ) \frac{\cos x + \cos y}{\sin(x+y)} .

Thus the triangle has area A = ( sec x + sec y ) ( cos x + cos y ) 2 sin ( x + y ) = ( cos x + cos y ) 2 2 cos x cos y sin ( x + y ) = 1 2 sin ( x + y ) ( cos x cos y + cos y cos x ) 2 2 sin ( x + y ) 2 \begin{aligned} A & = \; \frac{(\sec x + \sec y)(\cos x + \cos y)}{2\sin(x+y)} \; = \; \frac{(\cos x + \cos y)^2}{2\cos x \cos y \sin(x+y)} \\ & = \; \frac{1}{2\sin(x+y)}\left(\sqrt{\frac{\cos x}{\cos y}} + \sqrt{\frac{\cos y}{\cos x}}\right)^2 \; \ge \; \frac{2}{\sin(x+y)} \; \ge \; 2 \end{aligned} with the minimum value of 2 \boxed{2} achieved when x = y = 4 5 x=y=45^\circ .

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