Find the number of integer values of that divide the number for all integers .
Note:This problem is part of practise tests prepared by my teacher.
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Note that such a number cannot be divisible by the square of a prime p , because it wouldn't divide p 2 5 − p . So we're only looking at primes and products of distinct primes.
Which primes divide a 2 5 − a for all a ? If g is a primitive root mod p , then g 2 4 ≡ 1 mod p implies that ( p − 1 ) ∣ 2 4 . This happens for p = 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 1 3 . And Fermat's little theorem implies that all of those primes do divide a 2 5 − a for all a .
Any product of these primes also has that property. There are 3 2 positive numbers that are products of those five distinct primes, and 3 1 of them are > 1 .