Middle Fibonacci Number

Let F n F_n denote the n th n^\text{th} Fibonacci number. If we know that F 24 = 46368 { F }_{ 24 }=46368 and F 28 = 317811 { F }_{ 28 }=317811 , then compute F 26 { F }_{ 26 } .

Details and Assumptions:

  • A Fibonacci sequence is a sequence that satisfy the recurrence relation F n + 2 = F n + 1 + F n F_{n+2} = F_{n+1} + F_n for F n 1 F_n \geq 1 with initial conditions F 1 = F 2 = 1 F_1 = F_2 = 1 .
  • No tables nor calculators are required to solve this problem.


The answer is 121393.

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24 solutions

In general we have

F n + 4 = F n + 3 + F n + 2 = ( F n + 2 + F n + 1 ) + F n + 2 = 2 F n + 2 + F n + 1 F_{n+4} = F_{n+3} + F_{n+2} = (F_{n+2} + F_{n+1}) + F_{n+2} = 2*F_{n+2} + F_{n+1} .

Now F n + 2 = F n + 1 + F n F n + 1 = F n + 2 F n F_{n+2} = F_{n+1} + F_{n} \Longrightarrow F_{n+1} = F_{n+2} - F_{n} .

Thus F n + 4 = 2 F n + 2 + ( F n + 2 F n ) = 3 F n + 2 F n F_{n+4} = 2*F_{n+2} + (F_{n+2} - F_{n}) = 3*F_{n+2} - F_{n}

F n + 2 = F n + 4 + F n 3 \Longrightarrow F_{n+2} = \dfrac{F_{n+4} + F_{n}}{3} .

Plugging in n = 24 n = 24 we have

F 26 = F 28 + F 24 3 = 317811 + 46368 3 = 121393 F_{26} = \dfrac{F_{28} + F_{24}}{3} = \dfrac{317811 + 46368}{3} = \boxed{121393} .

Nice solution

Sam Son - 5 years, 10 months ago

How did you know you were to begin with F{n+4}

Nehemiah Osei - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Since we are given F 24 F_{24} and F 28 , F_{28}, I wanted to develop a general formula that would have the lesser of these, namely F 24 , F_{24}, as F n , F_{n}, which would then have F 28 F_{28} represented as F n + 4 . F_{n+4}. So it was just a notational choice, really.

Brian Charlesworth - 5 years, 10 months ago

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Oh, thanks a lot

Nehemiah Osei - 5 years, 10 months ago

N present at 4

Raahul Rajakumar - 5 years, 4 months ago

Really Great..

Devisamy Kuppusamy - 5 years, 10 months ago

But I don't know anything about Fibonacci. Can you tell me something about it please..

Akash Papnai - 5 years, 9 months ago

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This wiki should help. :)

Brian Charlesworth - 5 years, 9 months ago

I really love this solution

Adarsh Mahor - 5 years, 6 months ago

That solution cool, Brian!

Anne Beatriz - 5 years, 3 months ago

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Thanks! :)

Brian Charlesworth - 5 years, 3 months ago

Nice solution

Ishita .S - 5 years, 9 months ago

This is exactly what I did but they said not to use calcs so i did the adding and subtracting wrong...

Antonio Caceres - 5 years, 8 months ago

Good solution

Hitesh Sharma - 5 years, 3 months ago

You deserve to be on Brilliant. Nice solution.

Mandar Bhide - 4 years, 11 months ago

But why substituteing n =24 rather than any other.for eg.. 28

Harsh Mankodiya - 5 years, 3 months ago
William Isoroku
Dec 3, 2014

We let F 24 = a , F 25 = b , F 26 = a + b , F 27 = a + 2 b a n d F 28 = 2 a + 3 b { F }_{ 24 }=a,\quad { F }_{ 25 }=b,\quad { F }_{ 26 }=a+b,\quad { F }_{ 27 }=a+2b\quad and\quad { F }_{ 28 }=2a+3b

See what happens when we add F 24 a n d F 28 { F }_{ 24 }\quad and\quad { F }_{ 28 } : F 24 + F 28 = a + ( 2 a + 3 b ) = 3 ( a + b ) { F }_{ 24 }+{ F }_{ 28 }=a+(2a+3b)=3(a+b)

We know that a + b = F 26 a+b={ F }_{ 26 }

And we already know the value of F 24 a n d F 28 { F }_{ 24 }\quad and\quad { F }_{ 28 }

So substitution: F 24 + F 28 3 = 46368 + 317811 3 = 121393 \frac { { F }_{ 24 }+{ F }_{ 28 } }{ 3 } =\frac { 46368+317811 }{ 3 } = \boxed{121393}

Effecient and simple! :-)

Matthew Magsano - 6 years, 6 months ago

Very nice solution

Prathamesh Dusane - 6 years, 6 months ago

Thanks..It's really simple. I am really delighted by your answer.

Ubaidullah Khan - 6 years, 2 months ago

Do you have any idea how the Fibonacci sequence can be applied to C++? Just interested :)

Josh Stephen Lahoylahoy - 6 years, 5 months ago

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You can use dynamic programing like,

int Fibonacci(int n) { if ( n == 0 ) return 0; else if ( n == 1 ) return 1; else return ( Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n-2) ); }

else in the iterative form:

int term1 = 0, term2 = 1; cout<<term1; cout<<term2; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { sum = term1 + term2; term1 = term2; term2 = sum; cout<<term2; }

Pratyay Roy - 6 years, 5 months ago

I'm not a programmer.

William Isoroku - 6 years, 5 months ago

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Dynamic programming is not actually the programming that u r thinking...

Tahmid Ranon - 5 years, 10 months ago

Kudos to you brother

Tejas Arlimatti - 5 years, 9 months ago
Jake Lai
Dec 3, 2014

By Catalan's Identity, F n 2 = ( 1 ) n + r F r 2 + F n r F n + r F_{n}^{2} = (-1)^{n+r}F_{r}^{2}+F_{n-r}F_{n+r} .

Letting n = 26 n = 26 and r = 2 r = 2 , we have F 26 = F 2 2 + F 24 F 28 = 1 + 46368 × 317811 = 121393 F_{26} = \sqrt{F_{2}^{2}+F_{24}F_{28}} = \sqrt{1+46368 \times 317811} = \boxed{121393} .

Moderator note:

Unconventional yet brilliant. Well done!

Beautiful maths. Clever chap. High IQ.

Bennet Gikunoo - 6 years, 6 months ago

Not sure how I have never heard that theorem before, but thank you for some new insight!

tytan le nguyen - 6 years, 6 months ago

Very new for me. But also very clever. :-)

Matthew Magsano - 6 years, 6 months ago

This is new..thanks for new info btw..

Razik Ridzuan - 6 years, 5 months ago

Thanks for that, poi(?)

Joeie Christian Santana - 6 years, 2 months ago

brilliant Jake lai. amazing answer

Arun Garg - 5 years, 2 months ago
Eduardo Neo
Dec 7, 2014

First we write those 3 identities :

F 28 = F 27 + F 26 F 27 = F 26 + F 25 F 25 + F 24 = F 26 { F }_{ 28\quad }=\quad { F }_{ 27 }\quad +\quad { F }_{ 26 }\\ \\ { F }_{ 27 }\quad =\quad { F }_{ 26 }\quad +\quad { F }_{ 25 }\\ \\ { F }_{ 25 }\quad +\quad { F }_{ 24 }\quad =\quad { F }_{ 26 }\\

After ading up, we have :

F 28 + F 24 = 3 F 26 F 26 = F 28 + F 24 3 F 26 = 46368 + 317811 3 = 121393 { F }_{ 28\quad }+\quad { F }_{ 24 }\quad =\quad 3{ F }_{ 26 }\\ \\ \\ { F }_{ 26 }\quad =\quad \frac { { F }_{ 28 }+{ F }_{ 24 } }{ 3 } \\ \\ { F }_{ 26 }\quad =\quad \frac { 46368\quad +\quad 317811 }{ 3 } \quad =\boxed{121393}\quad

I used this same one haha :)

Andres Torres - 5 years, 10 months ago

Thats basically how I solved it: 3 equations, 3 unknowns

William Raphael - 5 years, 9 months ago

Very good and vsimplified approach,congratulations

Krishna Garg - 5 years, 7 months ago
Archit Boobna
Dec 4, 2014

In fibonacci series, as we go bigger, the ratio between 2 consecutive numbers is approximately equal to phi. So I multiplied 46368 x 1.618 x 1.618 and rounded off to get 121393

Moderator note:

Nice use of golden ratio! Great job.

lol that is the exact same thing I did to solve this.

Zachary Lowe - 6 years, 6 months ago
Otto Bretscher
Mar 31, 2015

We find, by inspection, that F 2 = F 0 + F 4 3 F_2=\frac{F_0+F_4}{3} and F 3 = F 1 + F 5 3 . F_3=\frac{F_1+F_5}{3}. Adding these equations yields F 4 = F 2 + F 6 3 F_4=\frac{F_2+F_6}{3} and, by induction, F n = F n 2 + F n + 2 3 F_n=\frac{F_{n-2}+F_{n+2}}{3} for n 2. n\geq2. For n = 26 n=26 we find F 26 = F 24 + F 28 3 = 121393 F_{26}=\frac{F_{24}+F_{28}}{3}=121393 .

Moderator note:

A great gem. Well done!

Ariella Lee
Dec 24, 2014

F 28 = F 27 + F 26 F 27 = F 26 + F 25 F 26 = F 25 + F 24 F_{28}=F_{27}+F_{26}\\F_{27}=F_{26}+F_{25}\\F_{26}=F_{25}+F_{24}

Substitute 317811 317811 for F 28 F_{28} in the first equation. Then, use the second and third equations to write the entire first equation in terms of F 26 F_{26} and F 24 F_{24} (note that F 25 = F 26 F 24 F_{25}=F_{26}-F_{24} from the third equation). Finally, substitute 46368 46368 for F 24 F_{24} and solve for F 26 F_{26} .

317811 = F 27 + F 26 317811 = F 26 + F 25 + F 26 317811 = F 26 + F 26 F 24 + F 26 317811 = 3 F 26 46368 3 F 26 = 364179 F 26 = 121393 317811=F_{27}+F_{26}\\317811=F_{26}+F_{25}+F_{26}\\317811=F_{26}+F_{26}-F_{24}+F_{26}\\317811=3F_{26}-46368\\3F_{26}=364179\\ \boxed{F_{26}=121393}

Kevin Bourrillion
Dec 19, 2014

If you know that Fibonacci is essentially a geometric series rounded to integers, you only have to take the geometric mean of the two numbers and observe that the result is extremely close to an integer. It must be our answer.

However, I respect the solutions here which did not require a calculator (or an extremely tedious paper calculation).

Miksu Rankaviita
Jan 24, 2016

My solution is pretty much the same as the others but here it is....

We have this formula

F 24 + F 25 + F 27 = F 28 \color{#3D99F6}{F_{24}+F_{25}+F_{27}=F_{28}}

Based on

F n + 2 = F n + 1 + F n \color{#20A900}{F_{n+2}=F_{n+1}+F_n}

Now we can manipulate the defining formula for Fibbonacci

F n + 2 = F n + 1 + F n \color{#20A900}{F_{n+2}=F_{n+1}+F_n}

F n + F n + 2 = 2 F n + F n + 1 \color{#20A900}{\Rightarrow F_n+F_{n+2}=2F_n+F_{n+1}}

Then we'll replace F 25 + F 27 \color{#3D99F6}{F_{25}+F_{27}} in the starting formula

F 24 + 2 F 25 + F 26 = F 28 \color{#3D99F6}{F_{24}+}\color{#D61F06}{2F_{25}+F_{26}}\color{#3D99F6}{=F_{28}}

Now we can form a system of equations

F 24 + 2 F 25 + F 26 = F 28 \color{#3D99F6}{F_{24}+}\color{#D61F06}{2F_{25}+F_{26}}\color{#3D99F6}{=F_{28}} \land F 26 = F 25 + F 24 \color{#20A900}{F_{26}=F_{25}+F_{24}}

Which we can solve easily

F 24 + 2 F 25 + ( F 24 + F 25 ) = F 28 \color{#3D99F6}{F_{24}+}\color{#D61F06}{2F_{25}+}\color{#20A900}{(F_{24}+F_{25})}\color{#3D99F6}{=F_{28}}

2 F 24 + 3 F 25 = F 28 2F_{24}+3F_{25}=F_{28}

F 25 = F 28 2 F 24 3 F_{25}=\frac{F_{28}-2F_{24}}{3}

F 25 = 75025 F_{25}=75 025

Now that we know F 25 F_{25} , we can find out F 26 F_{26}

F 26 = F 24 + F 26 F_{26}=F_{24}+F_{26}

F 26 = 75025 + 46368 = 121393 F_{26}=75 025+46 368=121 393

Drex Beckman
Jan 6, 2016

My approach was somewhat simple: We know the Fibonacci sequence changes by 1.618 \approx1.618 . And that we can express phi as 2 c o s ( 36 ) 2cos(36) . So, in order to find F 26 F_{26} , we take F 24 F_{24} and multiply by phi twice: 46386 2 c o s ( 36 ) = 75025 46386\cdot2cos(36)=75025 And 75025 2 c o s ( 36 ) = 121393 75025\cdot2cos(36)=121393 We can simply check our answer: 121393 75025 = 46386 121393-75025=46386 So the answer is 121393 \boxed{121393} .

Marco Antonio
Nov 30, 2015

I can't believe it. This is my first level 4 Algebra solution. Am I dreaming?

My simple solution: We have F 24 , F 25 , F 26 , F 27 , F 28 F_{24}, F_{25}, F_{26}, F_{27}, F_{28} .

We know all about the Fibonacci sequence, like: F n = F n 1 + F n 2 F_{n} = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2} .

We also know the value of the first and last number, which are: F 24 = 46369 F_{24} = 46369 and F 28 = 317811 F_{28} = 317811 .

And for things get more clear (and easy to work with algebra), let's say that: F 24 = a F_{24} = a , F 25 = b F_{25} = b , F 26 = c F_{26} = c (which we want to find it), F 27 = d F_{27} = d and F 28 = e F_{28} = e .

So, a = 46369 a = 46369 and e = 312811 e = 312811 .

We can assume that:

a + b = c a + b = c b = c 46368 \Longrightarrow b = c - 46368

b + c = d b + c = d

c + d = e c + d = e d = 317811 c \Longrightarrow d = 317811 - c

Making some basic algebra:

c 46368 + c = 317811 c c - 46368 + c = 317811 - c

3 c = 364179 3c = 364179

c = 121393 c = 121393

Which correspond to: F 26 = 121393 F_{26} = 121393 .

Jack Rawlin
Jan 2, 2015

Let x 0 = F 24 x_0 = F_{24} , x 4 = F 28 x_4 = F_{28} and n = F 26 = x 2 n = F_{26} = x_2

Translating the formula given into our terms gives us

x n + 2 = x n + 1 + x n x_{n+2} = x_{n+1} + x_n

(Not really much of a difference but still needed)

This means that

x 4 = x 3 + x 2 x_4 = x_3 + x_2

This can be written in a different way by substituting

x 4 = ( n + x 1 ) + ( n ) x 4 = 2 n + x 1 x_4 = (n + x_1) + (n) \Rightarrow x_4 = 2n + x_1

Since n = x 2 = x 1 + x 0 n = x_2 = x_1 + x_0 we can substitute that in to get

x 4 = 2 ( x 1 + x 0 ) + x 1 = 3 x 1 + 2 x 0 x_4 = 2(x_1 + x_0) + x_1 = 3x_1 + 2x_0

Now we can start substituting in values for our algebra

317 , 811 = 3 x 1 + 2 ( 46 , 368 ) 317,811 = 3x_1 + 2(46,368)

We can now find a value for x 1 x_1

317 , 811 92 , 736 3 = x 1 = 75 , 025 \frac{317,811 - 92,736}{3} = x_1 = 75,025

And now we have all the values for finding n n

n = x 1 + x 0 = 75 , 025 + 46 , 368 = 121 , 393 n = x_1 + x_0 = 75,025 + 46,368 = 121,393

So F 26 = 121 , 393 F_{26} = 121,393

Charlton Teo
Dec 3, 2014

Computer Science Solution in C++

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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
vector<long long> p;
int main()
{
   long long x;
   cin>>x;
   p.push_back(1);
   p.push_back(1);
   for(int i = 2; i < x; i++){
       p.push_back(p[i-1] + p[i-2]);
   }
   cout<<p[x-1];
} 

Good solution even though I have absolutely no idea what the codes mean.

William Isoroku - 6 years, 6 months ago

Why didn't you make use of a recursive function?

Richard Niescior - 6 years, 5 months ago
Oximas Omar
May 29, 2020

using the formula :Fn = ϕ n ( 1 / ϕ ) n s q r t ( 5 ) \frac{ϕ^n-(-1/ϕ)^n }{sqrt(5)} where ϕ is the golden ratio, this could help prove that , Fn + Fn+4 = 3Fn+2 ,which would help in the above question. Note that with this formula we can directly substitute the value of n and solve the question immediately no proof required.

Let F25 = x Then, F26 = 46368 + x. And, F27 = F25 + F26 = x + 46368 + x = 2x + 46368. It means that : F28 = 46368 + x + 2x + 46368. 317811 = 3x + 92736. 225075 = 3x. x = 75025.

So, F26 = 46368 + 75025. = 121393.

Jon Danford
Sep 29, 2016

I'm kind of ignorant compared to some of the others who solved this. I got it right but it took a while and took trial and error. I would not recommend solving how I did.

First I hypothesized that f27 is 2/3 (66.6%) of f28. That every n is 2/3 of n+1. When checking this it was wrong. But when lowering the precentage from 66.6 to 61.8035(this number came from trial and error Untill taking 61.8035% of f28 5 times got close enough to f24). After that percentage was correct I just took it twice giving me 121, 393.397.

Not sure how coherent my answer was. I tried explaining the best I could. I know it was a bad way to solve but it was the only way I could figure out how and hey, it worked!

Viki Zeta
Jun 21, 2016

To make it even more easy,

Just visit HERE , get your number

Not very efficient, but... F 28 = F 26 + F 27 F_{28} = F_{26} + F_{27}

So, 317811 = F 26 + F 27 317811 = F_{26} + F_{27}

  • We know that: F 26 = F 24 + F 25 = 46368 + F 25 F_{26} = F_{24} + F_{25} = 46368 + F_{25}
  • We also know that: F 27 = F 25 + F 26 = F 25 + ( 46368 + F 25 ) = 2 F 25 + 46368 F_{27} = F_{25} + F_{26} = F_{25} + (46368 + F_{25}) = 2 * F_{25} + 46368

Now 317811 = ( 46368 + F 25 ) + ( 2 F 25 + 46368 ) 317811 = (46368 + F_{25}) + (2 * F_{25} + 46368)

Simplify: 317811 = 92736 + 3 F 25 317811 = 92736 + 3 * F_{25}

Solve for F 25 F_{25} : F 25 = 75025 F_{25} = 75025

Thus, F 26 = 75025 + 46368 = 121393 F_{26} = 75025 + 46368 = \boxed{121393} .

Aswin T.S.
Jan 31, 2016

F28 = F27 +F26

F26 =317811 - F27

F26 = 317811 - F26 -F25 ---- 1

F26= F25 +46368 ------- 2

adding 1 and 2 we get

3F26 =317811 +46368

F26=121393

Daniel Maia
Oct 14, 2015

If you're lazy, don't read everything I wrote, what really matters is the math notation. Most of these writings are just personal notations. By the way, I am not the most expert guy with math notation, so there may be a few ambiguities with the formal notation I love using.

It's a childish and rustic solution, I think, but it worked for me with what I knew. As a student, that's what I've been taught and that's what best suits for me. That's what makes me love math as well. Thank you, my teachers.

Well, knowing that:

F n 1 + F n = F n + 1 F_{n-1} + F_{n} = F_{n+1}

and if F n + 1 = 5 ( F n = 3 F n 1 = 2 ) 2 + 3 = 5 F_{n+1} = 5 \to (F_{n} = 3 \land F_{n-1} = 2) \because 2 + 3 = 5

We also know that

F 24 = 46368 F_{24} = 46368

F 28 = 317811 F_{28} = 317811

and we wanna find F 26 F_{26} . To find it, we need to know either it's antecedent or it's subsequent terms. We don't know them. If we wanna find F 26 F_{26} we need to get rid of unknown terms. We still don't have enough information about these unknown terms, so I'll brainstorm some more among the things we know and can deduce by what we know.

F 24 + F 25 = F 26 F_{24} + F_{25} = F_{26}

F 25 + F 26 = F 27 F_{25} + F_{26} = F_{27}

F 26 + F 27 = F 28 F_{26} + F_{27} = F_{28}

That's enough. By that we can do some math black magic, and by that I mean isolate the unknown terms, so we can use them in substitution. It's important that we cannot isolate two terms from the same equation. Try doing this and using substitution and you'll get into an infinite loop or you'll get ( R ) \mathbb(R) . But it's ok, we have two equations for isolation and one for substitution. That's how I did it.

F 25 = F 27 F 26 F_{25} = F_{27} - F_{26} Here I thought: ok, I gotta find one unknown term, so I'll find F 25 F_{25} , why not, right? So that's my starting point.

F 25 = F 28 F 26 F 26 F_{25} = F_{28} - F_{26} - F_{26} Substution

F 25 = F 28 2 F 26 F_{25} = F_{28} - 2F_{26} Simplification

F 26 F 24 = F 28 2 F 26 F_{26} - F_{24} = F_{28} - 2F_{26} Substitution

F 24 = F 28 3 F 26 -F_{24} = F_{28} - 3F_{26} Subtractive Property of Equality

3 F 26 + F 28 = F 24 -3F_{26} + F_{28} = -F_{24} Symmetric Property of Equality

3 F 26 = F 28 F 24 -3F_{26} = -F_{28} - F_{24} * Subtractive Property of Equality

F 26 = F 28 + F 24 3 F_{26} = \frac{F_{28} + F_{24}}{3} * Division Property of Equality

F 26 = 317811 + 46368 3 F_{26} = \frac{317811 + 46368}{3} Substitution

F 26 = 121393 F_{26} = 121393 Simplification

Of course there are some other ways of doing this same thing in a more neat way. It just happened everything flowed fine for me, but at the first time I didn't use this strategy I'm mentioning now, so that's why it's like this. I hope it's clear enough, but feel free to ask me to clarify even more, if it helps you or someone else understand. Some guys out there were finding some patterns I am very curious about and I'll certainly look into. Hope this helps.

Moderator note:

Great explanation of the thought process that goes into solving a problem like this through experimentation. Sometimes, we have to get our hands dirty in order to solve a problem and discover the mathematical result.

Sifat Shishir
Sep 25, 2015

Fibonacci series : 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 13 , ...... element = previous element + previous of previous element .... here if we take first five element as 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 ... so f1 = 1 & f5 = 5 , from that f3 = (1+5) / 3 = 2 . That's how every five pair works as in middle solution ; so the ans would be f26 = ( f24 + f28 ) / 3

Rim Bis
Aug 24, 2015

Haha, I thought they said to not use a calculator. I had to use one.

Nehemiah Osei
Aug 13, 2015

F25=F24+F23

F26= F25+F24= 2F24+F23

F27= F26+F25 = 3F24+2F23

F28= F27+F26= 5F24+3F23

F28=317811. F24=46368

F28= 5F24+3F23

317811 =5(46368)+3F23

317811-5(46368)=3F23

85971/3=F23

F23=28657

F26=2F24+F23= 2(46368)+28657

F26=121393

Vivek Shrivastava
Mar 31, 2015

Let's say F24 = A, F28 = B, and F25 = A + x. Then, F26 = 2A + x F27 = 3A + 2x F28 = 5A + 3x

So, B = 5A + 3x => B = 3* (2A + 3) - A => B = 3* F26 - A => F26 = (A+B)/3

But A = F24 = 46368 and B = F28 = 317811

So, F26 = (46368 +317811) / 3 = 121393 Answer

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