Fibonacci numbers out of the blue

In my "Challenging limit" problem the binomial coefficients of the powers of 2 are amazing. Is the sum of all those binomial coefficients shown below a Fibonacci number for any number n ???

k = 0 n 2 ( n k k ) \sum_{k=0}^{ \big\lfloor \frac n2 \big \rfloor } \binom{n-k}k

No Yes Only for finite number of n values it's a Fibonacci number Only for finate number of n values it's not a Fibonacci number

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2 solutions

Zico Quintina
Jul 7, 2018

Here's a "visual" induction proof that the sum of the terms in the n n th "gentle" (couldn't think of a better antonym for 'steep') diagonal of Pascal's triangle is F n F_n , the n n th Fibonacci number.

Here the terms in diagonal D n D_n correspond to the terms in the sum k = 0 n 2 ( n k k ) \displaystyle \sum_{k = 0}^{ \big\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \big\rfloor } \small \dbinom{n-k}{k} .

Basis: Sum of terms in D 0 D_0 is ( 0 0 ) = 1 = F 0 {\small \dbinom{0}{0}} = 1 = F_0 ; sum of terms in D 1 D_1 is ( 1 0 ) = 1 = F 1 {\small \dbinom{1}{0}} = 1 = F_1 .

Induction: Suppose the sum of the terms in D n 2 D_{n - 2} is F n 2 F_{n - 2} and the sum of the terms in D n 1 D_{n - 1} is F n 1 F_{n - 1} . Every term in D n D_n is the sum of the two terms above it in the same color, one in D n 1 D_{n - 1} , the other in D n 2 D_{n - 2} . Then the sum of the terms in D n D_n is the sum of the terms in both D n 1 D_{n - 1} and D n 2 D_{n - 2} , i.e. the sum of the terms in D n D_n is F n 2 + F n 1 = F n F_{n - 2} + F_{n - 1} = F_n .

Amazing solution!!! Thank you!!!

A Former Brilliant Member - 2 years, 11 months ago

For any number n the sum is the (n+1) st Fibonacci number. By the way the binomial coefficients in the sum can be found in the Pascal's triangle as shown bellow.

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