Two discrete curves are defined as follows:
Δ x = 1 0 0 0 π α = 0 . 9 9 5 k = 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 . . . . 2 0 0 0 x k = k Δ x y k = s i n ( x k ) y k ′ = α y k − 1 ′ + ( 1 − α ) y k y 0 ′ = 0
Both curves are plotted on the diagram as smooth lines for display purposes. The k subscript denotes the present value of the variable, and the k − 1 subscript denotes the previous value of the variable. The quantity y ′ is the result when y is passed through an infinite-impulse-response filter.
Define the infinitesimal area and total area between curves as follows:
Δ A k = ∣ y k − y k ′ ∣ Δ x A = Σ k = 0 k = 2 0 0 0 Δ A k
What is the value of A ?
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