Filtered Curve vs. Original (Part 3)

Calculus Level 3

Two discrete curves are defined as follows:

Δ θ = π 1000 α = 0.995 k = 0 , 1 , 2 , 3....1000 θ k = k Δ θ x k = cos ( θ k ) y k = sin ( θ k ) y k = α y k 1 + ( 1 α ) y k y 0 = 0 \Delta \theta = \frac{\pi}{1000} \\ \alpha = 0.995 \\ k = 0,1,2,3 .... 1000 \\ \theta_k = k \, \Delta \theta \\ x_k = \cos(\theta_k) \\ y_k = \sin(\theta_k) \\ y'_k = \alpha \, y'_{k-1} + (1 - \alpha) y_k \\ y'_0 = 0

Scatter plots of ( x k , y k ) (x_k,y_k) and ( x k , y k ) (x_k,y'_k) are shown as smooth lines for display purposes.

The k k subscript denotes the present value of the variable, and the k 1 k-1 subscript denotes the previous value of the variable. The quantity y y' is the result when y y is passed through an infinite-impulse-response filter.

What is the ratio of the blue-shaded area to the tan-shaded area?


The answer is 0.417.

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