Which positive integers satisfy the following three conditions?
Give your answer as the sum of all numbers that satisfy these conditions.
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We are looking for positive integers a , b such that 1 ≤ b ≤ 9 and 1 0 a + b divides 1 0 0 a + b . But then 1 0 a + b must divide 1 0 ( 1 0 a + b ) − ( 1 0 0 a + b ) = 9 b , and it is easy to check that the only pairs of integers ( a , b ) with these properties are ( 1 , 5 ) , ( 4 , 5 ) and ( 1 , 8 ) . Thus the answer is 1 5 + 4 5 + 1 8 = 7 8 .
How to show that no number of more than two digits possesses the said properties?
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If a ≥ 1 0 then 1 0 a + b ≥ 1 0 0 + b > 9 b , so it's impossible to have 1 0 a + b divide into 9 b .
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Alternatively, 1 0 a < 1 0 a + b ≤ 9 b ≤ 8 1 , and hence a ≤ 8 .
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Let t satisfy ( 1 0 a + b ) t = 1 0 0 a + b , with a , b = 0 and b < 1 0 . Clearly t < 1 0 .
Then b ( t − 1 ) = 1 0 a ( 1 0 − t ) . Thus b ( t − 1 ) is a multiple of 1 0 . Given that b < 1 0 and t − 1 < 9 , and 5 must be a prime factor of b ( t − 1 ) , either b = 5 or t − 1 = 5 , i.e. t = 6 .
If b = 5 , then t is an odd number between 2 and 1 0 . But t = 3 and t = 5 are too small, since ( 1 0 − t ) ∗ 1 0 divides b ( t − 1 ) .
If we try t = 7 , then b ( t − 1 ) = 3 0 = 3 ∗ 1 0 ∗ a , which works with a = 1 . We can verify 1 5 is a solution, since 1 0 5 = 7 ∗ 1 5 .
If we try t = 9 , then b ( t − 1 ) = 4 0 = 1 ∗ 1 0 ∗ a , which works with a = 4 . We can verify 4 5 is a solution, since 4 0 5 = 9 ∗ 4 5 .
The other option uses t − 1 = 5 , i..e. t = 6 . Then 5 b = 1 0 a ∗ 4 , i.e. b = 8 a . Since b is a single digit number, the only solution is a = 1 , b = 8 . We can verify 1 8 is a solution since 1 0 8 = 6 ∗ 1 8 .
We have exhausted the possible values of a , b , and t . Thus the only solutions are 1 5 , 4 5 , and 1 8 , which sum to 7 8 .