Find the number of pairs of positive integer ) satisfying.
Notation:
is the
factorial
notation. For example,
.
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For n ≥ 1 let S n = k = 1 ∑ n n ! . Then S 1 = 1 = 1 2 , S 2 = 3 , S 3 = 9 = 3 2 , S 4 = 3 3 , S 5 = 1 5 3 , . . . . . Thus far we can then identify ( m , n ) = ( 1 , 1 ) and ( 3 , 3 ) as solutions.
Now for n ≥ 5 we have that n ! ≡ 0 ( m o d 1 0 ) , so since S 4 ≡ 3 ( m o d 1 0 ) we know that S n ≡ 3 ( m o d 1 0 ) for n ≥ 4 . But no perfect square is equivalent to 3 modulo 1 0 , so we will not find any valid solutions for n > 3 , and thus there are just 2 valid solutions, namely ( 1 , 1 ) and ( 3 , 3 ) .