find numbers of n

Algebra Level 3

Find the number of distinct positive integers n n such that n + n 64 \sqrt n + \sqrt{n-64} is also a positive integer.


The answer is 3.

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2 solutions

Pop Wong
Aug 29, 2020
  • Let n 64 = y n 64 = y 2 n = y 2 + 64 \sqrt{n-64} = y \implies n-64 = y^2 \implies n = y^2 +64
  • Let n = x n = x 2 \sqrt{n} = x \implies n = x^2

Now we have, x 2 y 2 = 64 = 2 6 ( x + y ) ( x y ) = 2 6 ( x + y ) ( x y ) = { 2 6 1 2 5 2 2 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 as x+y is integer and x + y x y ( x , y ) = ( ( x + y ) + ( x y ) 2 , ( x + y ) ( x y ) 2 ) = { ( 32.5 , 31.5 ) ( 17 , 15 ) ( 10 , 6 ) ( 8 , 0 ) n = x 2 = { 1 7 2 = 289 1 0 2 = 100 8 2 = 64 \begin{aligned} x^2 - y^2 &= 64 = 2^6 \\ (x+y)(x-y) &= 2^6 \\ (x+y)(x-y) &= \left\{\begin{array}{c}&2^6 \cdot 1 \\ &2^5 \cdot 2 \\ &2^4 \cdot 2^2 \\ &2^3 \cdot 2^3 \end{array} \right. \text{ as x+y is integer and } x+y \geq x-y \\ \\ \implies (x,y) &= \left( \cfrac{(x+y)+(x-y)}{2}, \cfrac{(x+y)-(x-y)}{2} \right) \\ &= \left\{\begin{array}{c}&\cancel{(32.5, 31.5)} \hspace{5mm} \\ &(17, 15) \\ &(10,6) \\&(8, 0) \end{array} \right. \\ \implies n = x^2 &= \left\{\begin{array}{c}&17^2 = 289 \\ & 10^2 = 100 \\ &8^2 = 64 \end{array} \right. \\ \\ \end{aligned} \therefore The answer is 3 \boxed{3} .

There are three instances:

1. 64 + 64 64 1.\sqrt{64}+\sqrt{64-64}

2. 100 + 100 64 2. \sqrt{100}+\sqrt{100-64}

3. 289 + 289 64 3. \sqrt{289}+\sqrt{289-64}

We just need to find the Pythagorean triples containing an 8 8 and those will be the answers.

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