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The circuit shown above has resistances R 1 = 20 Ω R_1=20\ \Omega and R 2 = 30 Ω R_2=30\ \Omega . With a constant voltage between A A and B B , at what value of resistance R R will the thermal power generated in it be practically independent of small variations of its resistance?


The answer is 12.

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1 solution

Let the voltage between A A and B B be V A B V_{AB} and the voltage across R R be V V . Then the power generated by R R is given by:

P = V 2 R = ( R 2 R R 1 + R 2 R V A B ) 2 × 1 R = ( 30 R 20 + 30 R ) 2 V A B 2 R = ( 30 R R + 30 20 + 30 R R + 30 ) 2 V A B 2 R = 9 R V A B 2 ( 5 R + 60 ) 2 \begin{aligned} P & = \frac {V^2}R = \left(\frac {R_2||R}{R_1+R_2||R}V_{AB}\right)^2 \times \frac 1R = \left(\frac {30||R}{20+30||R}\right)^2 \frac {V_{AB}^2}R \\ & = \left(\frac {\frac {30R}{R+30}}{20+\frac {30R}{R+30}}\right)^2 \frac {V_{AB}^2}R = \frac {9RV_{AB}^2}{(5R+60)^2} \end{aligned}

Let us find the change of P P due to a change in R R .

d P d R = 9 ( 5 R + 60 ) 2 9 R ( 5 ) ( 5 R + 60 ) 32 = 540 45 R ( 5 R + 60 ) 3 \begin{aligned} \frac {dP}{dR} & = \frac {9(5R+60)-2\cdot 9R(5)}{(5R+60)32} =\frac {540-45R}{(5R+60)^3} \end{aligned}

d P d R = 0 \implies \dfrac {dP}{dR} = 0 , when 45 R = 540 45R=540 R = 12 Ω \implies R = \boxed {12}\ \Omega .

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