Four identical circles are fitted exactly on a square of side length as shown. Another smaller circle is externally tangent to the four identical circles. Find the area of the shaded region.
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d = 8 2 − 2 ( 2 ) − 2 ( 2 2 ) = 8 2 − 4 − 4 2 = 4 2 − 4
The area of the shaded part at the center including the small circle (consider diagram 2) is 4 2 − π ( 2 2 ) = 1 6 − 4 π .
So the area of the shaded part at the center is 1 6 − 4 π − [ 4 π ( 4 2 − 4 ) 2 ] = 1 6 − 4 π − [ 4 π ( 3 2 − 3 2 2 + 1 6 ) ] = 1 6 − 1 6 π + 8 π 2 .
The area of the shaded part excluding the shaded part at the center is [ 4 2 − π ( 2 2 ) ] ( 3 ) = 4 8 − 1 2 π .
So the desired area is 4 8 − 1 2 π + 1 6 − 1 6 π + 8 π 2 = 6 4 − 2 8 π + 8 π 2