Find the sum of all complex solutions of the equation x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 x 4 + 4 ⋅ 1 2 4 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 .
Details and assumptions
You may use the fact that 1 2 4 = 2 0 7 3 6 .
The real numbers are a subset of the complex numbers.
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Nicely done!
For completeness, one needs to check that none of the roots of the resulting equation is a root of x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 , otherwise it would have to be excluded from the sum of the roots.
There are no complex numbers involved here. The only reason why "complex solutions" was specified is so that it would not be possible to solve it by expanding then graphing.
To Challenge Master:
It would be easy to check, as the discriminant of x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 is negative, so its roots have an imaginary portion, while the discriminant of x^2-168x+576 (which is the equation we are supposed to solve) is 25920, which is positive, so the roots are real.
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There are several approaches to showing that f ( x ) and g ( x ) have no common root. For example, you can calculate g cd ( f ( x ) g ( x ) ) = 1
Another approach is that if α is a root of x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 0 and x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 0 , then we must have 4 8 α = 0 . But clearly α = 0 is not a root to either equation.
Yes, indeed. So it would be enough to just note that.
Maybe I understand the terminology wrongly, but no complex numbers are involved here, right?
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Real numbers are a subset of complex numbers, so real numbers are considered complex numbers without imaginary parts.
wow! that is so new to me, the Sophie-Germain Identity! Great!
Look at the numerator of the fraction in the left side. Using Sophie-Germain Identity we have ;
= x 4 + 4 . 1 2 4
= x 4 + 4 . 1 2 4 − 4 . 1 2 2 x 2 + 4 . 1 2 2 x 2
= x 4 + 4 . 1 2 2 x 2 + 4 . 1 2 4 − 4 . 1 2 2 x 2
= ( x 2 + 2 . 1 2 2 ) 2 − 4 . 1 2 2 x 2
= ( x 2 + 2 . 1 2 x + 2 . 1 2 2 ) ( x 2 − 2 . 1 2 x + 2 . 1 2 2 )
= ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 )
Since after the equation is distributed, we have the numerator and denumerator are equal ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) , so we can ommit it. Next, continue it with simple algebra;
1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 = x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8
x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 5 7 6 = 0
Since we find all the complex roots (including the real roots), so we get the answer is 168.
QED
Goof job! The first part of your solution is essentially the proof of the Sophie Germain identity.
For completeness, one needs to check that non of the roots of the resulting equation is a root of x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 , otherwise it would have to be excluded from the sum of the roots.
Astaga, kenapa aku tidak terpikir cara ini ya?
We suspect that the numerator of the left-hand side is factorable. Indeed, we can "complete the square" on this expression as follows: x 4 + 4 ⋅ 1 2 4 = ( x 4 + 4 ⋅ 1 2 2 ⋅ x + 4 ⋅ 1 2 4 ) − 4 ⋅ 1 2 2 ⋅ x = ( x 2 + 2 ⋅ 1 2 2 ) 2 − 4 ⋅ 1 2 2 ⋅ x 2 = ( x 2 + 2 8 8 ) 2 − ( 2 4 x ) 2 = ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) , where the last step follows from the difference-of-squares factorization. Therefore, the given equation becomes x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 , or simply x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 . Rearranging this equation gives x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 5 7 6 = 0 . By Vieta's Formulas, the sum of the two distinct roots of this equation is therefore 1 6 8 .
From the Sophie-Germain Identity ,
x 4 + 4 ⋅ 1 2 4 = ( x 2 + 2 ⋅ 1 2 2 − 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 1 2 ) ( x 2 + 2 ⋅ 1 2 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 1 2 ) = ( x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 )
Note that x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 has no roots so it is completely okay to cancel it. Hence, the given equation simplifies to,
x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 ⇒ x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 5 7 6 = 0
The sum of roots of the above quadratic is 1 6 8 and hence the answer.
PS: Brilliant trolls you. 1 2 4 = 2 0 7 3 6 . :D :D
I broke it up in two lines for you, but the first line is still a bit too long.
Nice solution; like everyone else, you forgot to check that we did not cancel out any roots of the final equation.
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This may be a bit foolish but how would you check that? Cancelling out x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 did not deprive us of any roots (and I have mentioned that in the solution) so I don't see a problem. Your reply is appreciated. Thanks!
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It actually does have two complex roots. And the original question allowed complex roots. These roots happen to be different from the roots of the resulting equation.
View the other solutions above to see how they dealt with it.
Sorry for the trouble but I would like to rewrite the first equation in two separate lines. Is it possible for the Brilliant staff to edit my solution? Thanks!
Simply do long division of the fraction. This causes the expression to simplify to:
x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8
Then rewrite and apply Vieta's Formula to find the sum of roots - i.e
x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 5 7 6 = 0 ∴ a − b = 1 6 8 = Sum of roots.
Let f ( x ) = x 4 + 4 ⋅ 1 2 4
f ( x ) = ( x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 )
Hence, now the given equation becomes,
x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8
x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 5 7 6 = 0 ...........(1)
according to the equation given we cannot assume the case that x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 0
Hence, the roots of the equation is given only by (1)
From (1), according to the Vieta's formula sum of the roots of this equation is 168
( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) ( x 4 + 4 × 1 2 4 ) = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8
( x + 1 2 − 1 2 i ) ( x + 1 2 + 1 2 i ) ( x + 1 2 − 1 2 i ) ( x + 1 2 + 1 2 i ) ( x − 1 2 − 1 2 i ) ( x − 1 2 + 1 2 i ) = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8
( x − 1 2 − 1 2 i ) ( x − 1 2 + 1 2 i ) = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8
x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8
x 2 − 1 6 8 + 5 7 6 = 0
Sum of all complex solutions = Sum of roots = − ( − 1 6 8 ) = 1 6 8
x 4 + 4 ∗ 1 2 4 = ( x 2 − k x + 2 ∗ 1 2 2 ) ( x 2 + k x + 2 ∗ 1 2 2 )
= x 4 + 4 ∗ 1 2 2 x 2 − k 2 x 2 + 4 ∗ 1 2 4 ⇒ k = ± 2 4
x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ( x 2 + 2 4 + 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8
x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8
x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 5 7 6
x 1 + x 2 = 2 1 6 8 ∗ 2 = 1 6 8
By the Sophie Germain Identity, we find that x 4 + 4 ⋅ 1 2 = ( x 2 + 2 ⋅ 1 2 2 + 2 ⋅ 1 2 x ) ( x 2 + 2 ⋅ 1 2 2 − 2 ⋅ 1 2 x ) = ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) . Plugging this into our equation, we see that x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 x 4 + 4 ⋅ 1 2 4 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 2 ⋅ 2 8 8 = 0 . Therefore, our equation has two roots, and by Vieta's Formulae, we can see that their sum is equal to 1 6 8 .
The question remains, though: Why on earth did we need to know the value of 1 2 4 ?
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Not every piece of information that is provided must be used in the question.
One reason for stating that, is to act as a red herring. A significant number of people gave 144 as their answer, presumably from applying Vieta's directly to x 4 + 4 × 1 2 4 = ( 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) .
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Although later I got my solution correct, first I was also applying this x 4 + 4 × 1 2 4 = ( 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) method.
But why the answer comes wrong with the above method. Can you please explain ?
Firstly have a look at this
Using Sophie Germain Identity we can factorize the numerator in this way:
x 4 + 4 ∗ 1 2 4 = ( x 2 + 2 8 8 + 2 4 x ) ( x 2 + 2 8 8 − 2 4 x )
Now we can simplify it with the first factor of the denominator and so we get:
x 2 + 2 8 8 − 2 4 x = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8
Simplifying:
x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 5 7 6 = 0
Using the formula we get as a solutions:
2 1 6 8 ± 2 5 9 2 0
Adding both solutions we get 168
I don't know how to write the solutions, excuse me.
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You just need to be careful with your brackets. You had an additional bracket lying around, which is why the code will not compile.
For your reference, you used
\frac{168 \pm {\sqrt{25920}} {2} There is an extra { before \sqrt.
2 1 6 8 ± 2 5 9 2 0
By Sophie Germain Identity,
x 4 + 4 ⋅ 1 2 4 = ( x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 )
Hence, the above equation can be reduced into
x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8
which is equivalent to
x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 5 7 6 = 0
By Vieta's Formula, the sum of roots = 168.
nice
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We note that by the Sophie-Germain identity, x 4 + 4 y 4 = ( x 2 + 2 x y + 2 y 2 ) ( x 2 − 2 x y − 2 y 2 ) , so x 4 + ( 4 ) ( 1 2 4 ) = ( x 2 + ( 2 ) ( 1 2 ) x + ( 2 ) ( 1 2 2 ) ) ( x 2 − ( 2 ) ( 1 2 ) x + ( 2 ) ( 1 2 2 ) ) = ( x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) ( x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 ) . Hence x 2 + 2 4 x + 2 8 8 x 4 + ( 4 ) ( 1 2 4 ) = x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 .
Thus the equation becomes x 2 − 2 4 x + 2 8 8 = 1 4 4 x − 2 8 8 , so x 2 − 1 6 8 x + 5 7 6 . Since it is not a square polynomial as its discriminant, 1 6 8 2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( 5 7 6 ) = 2 5 9 2 0 = 0 , it has 2 distinct roots. By Vieta's Formulas, their sum is − 1 − 1 6 8 = 1 6 8 .