Find the following limit

Calculus Level 3

Find the following limit if p = 106

lim n 1 p + 2 p + 3 p + + n p n p + 1 \large \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{1^p + 2^p + 3^p + \cdots + n^p}{n^{p+1}}

If this limit can be expressed a b \dfrac ab , where a a and b b are coprime positive integers, find A + B A+B .


The answer is 108.

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1 solution

The limit can be written as lim n 1 n k = 1 n ( k n ) p \displaystyle\lim_{n \to \infty}\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{n} \left(\dfrac{k}{n}\right)^{p} , which is in the form of a Riemann sum with x = k n x = \dfrac{k}{n} , and thus is equivalent to

0 1 x p d x = ( x p + 1 p + 1 ) 0 1 = 1 p + 1 \displaystyle\int_{0}^{1} x^{p} dx = \left(\dfrac{x^{p+1}}{p + 1}\right)_{0}^{1} = \dfrac{1}{p + 1} . With p = 106 p = 106 , we then have A B = 1 107 A + B = 108 \dfrac{A}{B} = \dfrac{1}{107} \Longrightarrow A + B = \boxed{108} .

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