Find the function!

Algebra Level 5

Suppose that f : R R f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} is a continuous function and satisfies the equation f ( x ) f ( f ( x ) ) = 1 f(x)f(f(x))=1 for all x R x \in \mathbb{R} . Further, if f ( 1000 ) = 999 f(1000)=999 , then which of the following options are necessarily true?

  1. f ( 500 ) = 1 500 f(500)=\dfrac{1}{500}
  2. f ( 199 ) = 1 199 f(199)=\dfrac{1}{199}
  3. f ( 2000 ) = 1 2000 f(2000)=\dfrac{1}{2000}
  4. f ( 235 ) = 1 235 f(235)=\dfrac{1}{235}
  5. f ( 1099 ) = 1 1099 f(1099)=\dfrac{1}{1099}
  6. f ( x ) = 1 x f(x)=\dfrac{1}{x} \forall x R { 0 , 1000 } x \in \mathbb{R} - \{0,1000\}
  7. No such function exists.

Enter the product of the number of all correct options. For example, if correct options are 2 and 3 then enter 6.


The answer is 8.

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1 solution

Patrick Corn
Nov 13, 2019

For all y y in the range of f , f, we have y f ( y ) = 1 , yf(y) = 1, so f ( y ) = 1 / y . f(y) = 1/y. Since 999 999 is in the range of f , f, we have f ( 999 ) = 1 / 999 , f(999) = 1/999, so 1 / 999 1/999 is in the range of f . f. Then the range of f f contains [ 1 999 , 999 ] \left[\frac1{999},999\right] by the Intermediate Value Theorem , so for all y y in [ 1 999 , 999 ] , \left[\frac1{999},999\right], f ( y ) = 1 / y . f(y) = 1/y. Hence statements 1,2,4 are all true.

On the other hand, let y = g ( x ) y=g(x) be the equation of the line through the points ( 999 , 1 / 999 ) (999,1/999) and ( 1000 , 999 ) , (1000,999), and consider the function f ( x ) = { 999 if x 1 / 999 1 / x if 1 999 x 999 g ( x ) if 999 x 1000 999 if x 1000 f(x) = \begin{cases} 999 & \text{if } x \le 1/999 \\ 1/x & \text{if } \frac1{999} \le x \le 999 \\ g(x) & \text{if } 999 \le x \le 1000 \\ 999 & \text{if } x \ge 1000 \end{cases} Then the range of f f equals [ 1 999 , 999 ] , \left[\frac1{999},999\right], and f f is continuous, so it satisfies the conditions of the problem. This shows that statements 3,5,6,7 are not necessarily true. Hence the answer is 8 . \fbox{8}.

Perfect answer sir!

Vilakshan Gupta - 1 year, 7 months ago

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Bro maine yeh same question abhi Kvant mein padha......xD….usmein lekin f(500) pucha thaa lol

Aaghaz Mahajan - 1 year, 6 months ago

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