Find the largest positive integer X for which there exist X triples ( a 1 , b 1 , c 1 ) , ( a 2 , b 2 , c 2 ) , ⋯ , ( a X , b X , c X ) consisting of non-negative integers such that:
For all 1 ≤ i = j ≤ X , a i = a j , b i = b j , c 1 = c j .
For all 1 ≤ i ≤ X , a i + b i + c i = 2 0 1 4 .
Details and assumptions
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The problem as written does not require the c i's to be distinct. That is apparently a typo. As written the solution is X = 2014. The problem is not challenging as written. Clearly 2015 has to be an upper bound since the a i's and b i's have to be distinct, non-negative, and bounded above by 2014. To achieve 2014 we can, for example, let a 1 = b 1 = 0, c 1 = 2014, and then for 2 <= < i <= 2014 let a i = i-1, b i = 2014 - a i, and c i = 0; The requirement that c_1 not be repeated keeps this approach from being extended to a 2015th triple, however.
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We must have a j ≥ 0 . Furthermore, the values of a j must be distinct. Therefore, if we rearrange the values of a j in order from least to greatest (let's call the new sequence a m j ), then we have a m 1 ≥ 0 , a m 2 ≥ 1 , a m 3 ≥ 2 and so on. In general a m j ≥ j − 1 . Therefore, j = 1 ∑ x a j = j = 1 ∑ x a m j ≥ j = 1 ∑ x ( j − 1 ) = 2 ( x − 1 ) x Similarly, j = 1 ∑ x b j ≥ 2 ( x − 1 ) x and j = 1 ∑ x c j ≥ 2 ( x − 1 ) x Adding these three inequalities gives:
2 3 ( x − 1 ) x ≤ j = 1 ∑ x ( a j + b j + c j ) = 2 0 1 4 x
x ≤ 3 2 ∗ 2 0 1 4 + 1 Therefore X ≤ 1 3 4 3 .
Now let's show that it is possible to create 1343 such triples. We create them as follows. Suppose 1 ≤ j ≤ 1 3 4 3 .
If j = 2 m − 1 for some m ∈ Z , let ( a j , b j , c j ) = ( m − 1 , 6 7 0 + m , 1 3 4 5 − 2 m ) ;
If j = 2 m for some m ∈ Z , let ( a j , b j , c j ) = ( 6 7 1 + m , m − 1 , 1 3 4 4 − 2 m ) .
It's not difficult to show that the values of a j are nonnegative and pairwise distinct, and likewise with b j and c j . Also, for each j , we have a j + b j + c j = 2 0 1 4 . Hence this list of triples satisfies the conditions.
Therefore, it is possible to create 1343 triples, and we showed earlier that the number of triples cannot exceed 1343.
Therefore, X = 1 3 4 3 .