Find The Largest X

Find the largest positive integer X X for which there exist X X triples ( a 1 , b 1 , c 1 ) , ( a 2 , b 2 , c 2 ) , , ( a X , b X , c X ) (a_1, b_1, c_1), (a_2, b_2, c_2), \cdots , (a_X, b_X, c_X) consisting of non-negative integers such that:

  • For all 1 i j X , 1 \leq i \neq j \leq X, a i a j , b i b j , c 1 c j . a_i \neq a_j, b_i \neq b_j, c_1 \neq c_j.

  • For all 1 i X , 1 \leq i \leq X, a i + b i + c i = 2014. a_i+b_i+c_i= 2014.

Details and assumptions

  • This problem is not original.


The answer is 1343.

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1 solution

Ariel Gershon
Jun 19, 2014

We must have a j 0 a_j \ge 0 . Furthermore, the values of a j a_j must be distinct. Therefore, if we rearrange the values of a j a_j in order from least to greatest (let's call the new sequence a m j a_{m_j} ), then we have a m 1 0 , a m 2 1 , a m 3 2 a_{m_1} \ge 0, a_{m_2} \ge 1, a_{m_3} \ge 2 and so on. In general a m j j 1 a_{m_j} \ge j - 1 . Therefore, j = 1 x a j = j = 1 x a m j j = 1 x ( j 1 ) = ( x 1 ) x 2 \sum_{j = 1}^{x} a_j = \sum_{j = 1}^{x} a_{m_j} \ge \sum_{j = 1}^{x} (j-1) = \frac{(x-1)x}{2} Similarly, j = 1 x b j ( x 1 ) x 2 \sum_{j = 1}^{x} b_j \ge \frac{(x-1)x}{2} and j = 1 x c j ( x 1 ) x 2 \sum_{j = 1}^{x} c_j \ge \frac{(x-1)x}{2} Adding these three inequalities gives:

3 ( x 1 ) x 2 j = 1 x ( a j + b j + c j ) = 2014 x \frac{3(x-1)x}{2} \le \sum_{j = 1}^{x} (a_j+b_j+c_j) = 2014x

x 2 3 2014 + 1 x \le \frac{2}{3} *2014 + 1 Therefore X 1343 X \le 1343 .

Now let's show that it is possible to create 1343 such triples. We create them as follows. Suppose 1 j 1343 1 \le j \le 1343 .

If j = 2 m 1 j\ = 2m - 1 for some m Z m \in \mathbb{Z} , let ( a j , b j , c j ) = ( m 1 , 670 + m , 1345 2 m ) (a_j, b_j, c_j) = (m - 1, 670 + m, 1345 - 2m) ;

If j = 2 m j\ = 2m for some m Z m \in \mathbb{Z} , let ( a j , b j , c j ) = ( 671 + m , m 1 , 1344 2 m ) (a_j, b_j, c_j) = (671 + m , m - 1, 1344 - 2m) .

It's not difficult to show that the values of a j a_j are nonnegative and pairwise distinct, and likewise with b j b_j and c j c_j . Also, for each j j , we have a j + b j + c j = 2014 a_j + b_j + c_j = 2014 . Hence this list of triples satisfies the conditions.

Therefore, it is possible to create 1343 triples, and we showed earlier that the number of triples cannot exceed 1343.

Therefore, X = 1343 X = 1343 .

The problem as written does not require the c i's to be distinct. That is apparently a typo. As written the solution is X = 2014. The problem is not challenging as written. Clearly 2015 has to be an upper bound since the a i's and b i's have to be distinct, non-negative, and bounded above by 2014. To achieve 2014 we can, for example, let a 1 = b 1 = 0, c 1 = 2014, and then for 2 <= < i <= 2014 let a i = i-1, b i = 2014 - a i, and c i = 0; The requirement that c_1 not be repeated keeps this approach from being extended to a 2015th triple, however.

Richard Desper - 4 years, 6 months ago

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