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Consider the first term: 3 1 3 8 9
1 raised to any number is 1 . So the units digit of the first term is 1 .
Consider the second term: 5 ( 4 8 5 2 1 )
8 1 = 8 , 8 2 = 6 4 , 8 3 = 5 1 2 , 8 4 = 4 0 9 6 , 8 5 = 3 2 7 6 8 . The units digit repeat in every cycle of 4 . The units digit of 4 8 5 2 1 is:
4 5 2 1 = 1 3 0 remainder 1 . Since 1 is the remainder, the units digit is 8 . So the units digit of the second term ( 5 ⋅ 8 = 4 0 ) is 0 .
Consider the third term: 2 8 5 ⋅ 3 9 2
2 1 = 2 , 2 2 = 4 , 2 3 = 8 , 2 4 = 1 6 , 2 5 = 3 2 . The units digit repeat in every cycle of 4 . The units digit of 2 8 5 is:
4 8 5 = 2 1 remainder 1 . Since 1 is the remainder, the units digit is 2 .
3 1 = 3 , 3 2 = 9 , 3 3 = 2 7 , 3 4 = 8 1 , 3 5 = 2 4 3 . The units digit repeat in every cycle of 4 . The units digit of 3 9 2 is:
4 9 2 = 2 3 . Since there is no remainder, the units digit is 1 . The units digit of the third term is 2 ⋅ 1 = 2 .
Consider the fourth term: 1 3 1 0 9 5
3 1 = 3 , 3 2 = 9 , 3 3 = 2 7 , 3 4 = 8 1 , 3 5 = 2 4 3 . The units digit repeat in every cycle of 4 . The units digit of 1 3 1 0 9 5 is:
4 1 0 9 5 = 2 7 3 remainder 3 . Since 3 is the remainder, the units digit is 7 .
Hence,
1 + 0 − 2 + 7 = 6