Find the minimum value of the function

Algebra Level 5

Let f f be a one-to-one function from the set of natural numbers to itself such that f ( m n ) = f ( m ) f ( n ) f(mn) = f(m)f(n) for all natural numbers m m and n n . What is the least possible value of f ( 999 ) f(999) ?

This question belongs to the set Functions are awesome


The answer is 24.

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1 solution

Putting m = 1 m=1 ,

We get f ( n ) = f ( 1 ) × f ( n ) f(n)=f(1)\times f(n)

f ( 1 ) = 1 \Rightarrow f(1)=1

Since it is a one-to-one function, f ( n ) > 1 f(n)>1 for all values of n > 1 n>1

Now, 999 = 3 3 × 37 999=3^3\times 37

f ( 999 ) = f ( 3 ) 3 × f ( 37 ) \Rightarrow f(999)=f(3)^3\times f(37)

Since it is a one-to-one function, f ( 3 ) 2 f(3)\geq2 and f ( 37 ) 3 f(37)\geq3

So, for the least value of f ( 999 ) f(999) , we claim by setting that f ( 2 ) = 37 , f ( 3 ) = 2 , f ( 37 ) = 3 f(2)=37, f(3)=2, f(37)=3 .

So, the function can be defined as for a prime no. p 2 , 3 , 37 f ( p ) = p p\neq2,3,37 f(p)=p and for a composite no. it can be prime factorized as above.

This gives f ( 999 ) = 2 3 × 3 = 24 f(999)=2^3\times3=\boxed {24}

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