Find The Product

Geometry Level 5

If k = 1 10 sin 2 ( k π 21 ) = a b \displaystyle \prod_{k=1}^{10} \sin ^2 \left( \dfrac{k \pi}{21} \right) = \dfrac{a}{b} for some coprime positive integers a , b , a,b, find the last three digits of a + b . a+b.


The answer is 597.

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2 solutions

Using sin θ = sin ( π θ ) , \sin \theta = \sin (\pi - \theta), k = 1 10 sin 2 ( k π 21 ) = k = 1 20 sin ( k π 21 ) . \displaystyle \prod_{k=1}^{10} \sin^2 \left( \dfrac{k \pi}{21} \right) = \displaystyle \prod_{k=1}^{20} \sin \left( \dfrac{k \pi}{21} \right). Let ω = e i π / 21 \omega = e^{i \pi / 21} be the complex root of ω 21 = 1. \omega^{21} = 1. Using sin θ = e i θ e i θ 2 , \sin \theta = \dfrac{e^{i \theta} - e^{- i \theta}}{2}, the desired product is equal to k = 1 20 ω k ω k 2 i = ( k = 1 20 1 ω k ) ω 210 1 i 20 1 2 20 = 1 2 20 k = 1 20 ( 1 ω k ) = 1 2 20 k = 0 n 1 k = 21 2 20 . \begin{aligned} \displaystyle \prod_{k=1}^{20} \dfrac{\omega^k - \omega^{-k}}{2i} & = \left( \displaystyle \prod_{k=1}^{20} 1 - \omega^{-k} \right) \omega^{210} \cdot \dfrac{1}{i^{20}} \cdot \dfrac{1}{2^{20}} \\ & = \dfrac{1}{2^{20}} \displaystyle \prod_{k=1}^{20} \left( 1 - \omega^{-k} \right) \\ & = \dfrac{1}{2^{20}} \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^{n} 1^k \\ & = \dfrac{21}{2^{20}}. \end{aligned} The last step follows from the fact that the polynomial f ( x ) = k = 1 20 ( x ω k ) f(x) = \displaystyle \prod_{k=1}^{20} (x - \omega^{-k} ) has roots e i π / 21 , e 2 i π / 21 , , e 20 i π / 21 , e^{i \pi /21}, e^{2i \pi / 21}, \cdots , e^{20 i \pi / 21}, so it must be identically equal to x 20 + x 19 + + 1. x^{20} + x^{19} + \cdots + 1.

a=21 and b=5. so, a+b=25 ???????

Aswad Hariri Mangalaeng - 6 years, 7 months ago

ARRRRRGH I MISREAD THE PI SIGN AS A SIGMA AND READ THIS AS A SUMMATION QUESTION disregard my report btw

Jared Low - 6 years, 5 months ago
Aakash Khandelwal
May 25, 2015

some hints for those who don't know complex no.s

use sin(60-x)sin(60+x)sin(x)=0.25*sin(3x)

later form cubic equation for sine by using 4x=180-3x

check the product of roots

put the values to get the answer

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