If for some coprime positive integers find the last three digits of
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Using sin θ = sin ( π − θ ) , k = 1 ∏ 1 0 sin 2 ( 2 1 k π ) = k = 1 ∏ 2 0 sin ( 2 1 k π ) . Let ω = e i π / 2 1 be the complex root of ω 2 1 = 1 . Using sin θ = 2 e i θ − e − i θ , the desired product is equal to k = 1 ∏ 2 0 2 i ω k − ω − k = ( k = 1 ∏ 2 0 1 − ω − k ) ω 2 1 0 ⋅ i 2 0 1 ⋅ 2 2 0 1 = 2 2 0 1 k = 1 ∏ 2 0 ( 1 − ω − k ) = 2 2 0 1 k = 0 ∑ n 1 k = 2 2 0 2 1 . The last step follows from the fact that the polynomial f ( x ) = k = 1 ∏ 2 0 ( x − ω − k ) has roots e i π / 2 1 , e 2 i π / 2 1 , ⋯ , e 2 0 i π / 2 1 , so it must be identically equal to x 2 0 + x 1 9 + ⋯ + 1 .