find the raduis

Geometry Level 2

Isosceles A B C \triangle ABC , with A B = A C AB=AC , is tangent to the green circle of radius R R at two points; one is a distance of 3 3 from A A and the other is 2 2 from R R . Find R R .


The answer is 4.

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2 solutions

Let A B C = α \angle {ABC}=α . Then B A C = π 2 α \angle {BAC}=π-2α .

Now, tan α = R 2 R = 2 tan α \tan α=\dfrac{R}{2}\implies R=2\tan α .

tan ( π 2 α ) = R 3 = tan 2 α = 2 tan α 1 tan 2 α \tan (π-2α)=\dfrac{R}{3}=-\tan 2α=-\dfrac{2\tan α}{1-\tan^2 α} .

So, 1 tan 2 α = 3 tan α = 2 R = 2 tan α = 4 1-\tan^2 α=-3\implies \tan α=2\implies R=2\tan α=\boxed 4 .

Chew-Seong Cheong
May 12, 2020

Let A = θ \angle A = \theta and draw the perpendiculars to the two tangent points. Then we get:

tan θ = R 3 tan θ 2 = 2 R Since tan x = 2 tan x 2 1 tan 2 x 2 R 3 = 4 R 1 4 R 2 = 4 R R 2 4 1 3 = 4 R 2 4 R 2 4 = 12 R = 4 \begin{aligned} \tan \theta & = \frac R3 \\ \tan \frac \theta 2 & = \frac 2R & \small \blue{\text{Since }\tan x = \frac {2\tan \frac x2}{1-\tan^2 \frac x2}} \\ \implies \frac R3 & = \frac {\frac 4R}{1-\frac 4{R^2}} = \frac {4R}{R^2-4} \\ \frac 13 & = \frac 4{R^2-4} \\ R^2 - 4 & = 12 \\ R & = \boxed 4 \end{aligned}

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