If the ratio between the area of a square inscribed in a circle, and an equilateral triangle circumscribed
about the same circle as shown in the figure below can be expressed as
, where
are coprime positive integers and
is square-free, then find the value of
.
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Let the center of the circle be O and its radius r . Then the diagonal of the square is 2 r and its side length is 2 r . The area of the square A □ = ( 2 r ) 2 = 2 r 2 .
Note that the center of the circle is also the centroid of the equilateral triangle. Then we have O D : O B = 1 : 2 , implying that the height of the triangle h = B D = 3 r and the side length of the triangle a = 2 h tan 3 0 ∘ = 3 6 r = 2 3 r and the area of the triangle A △ = 2 a h = 3 3 r 2 .
Therefore, the ratio A △ A □ = 3 3 r 2 2 r 2 = 3 3 2 = 9 2 3 . Then a + b + c = 2 + 3 + 9 = 1 4 .