x 2 − 4 x + 1 3 = 0
If α and β are roots of the equation above, find α 2 + 4 β + 1 3 .
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From the equation we can find out that α + β = 4 and α ⋅ β = 1 3 , so we have: α 2 + 4 β + 1 3 = α 2 + ( α + β ) β + α ⋅ β = α 2 + 2 α ⋅ β + β 2 = ( α + β ) 2 = 4 2 = 1 6
First, find the roots of the equation x 2 − 4 x + 1 3 = 0 . In this problem, we can use the completing the square method.
x 2 − 4 x + 1 3 = 0
x 2 − 4 x = − 1 3
x 2 − 4 x + ( 2 4 ) 2 = − 1 3 + ( 2 4 ) 2
x 2 − 4 x + ( 1 2 ) 2 = − 1 3 + ( 1 2 ) 2
x 2 − 4 x + ( 2 ) 2 = − 1 3 + ( 2 ) 2
x 2 − 4 x + 4 = − 1 3 + 4
( x − 2 ) 2 = − 9
x − 2 = ± i 9
x = 2 ± 3 i
Then, set each of them equal to α and β and substitute them to the expression α 2 + 4 β + 1 3 . The order of which root is equal to each does not matter.
Case 1:
α = 2 + 3 i , β = 2 − 3 i
( 2 + 3 i ) 2 + 4 ( 2 − 3 i ) + 1 3
4 + 1 2 i − 9 + 8 − 1 2 i + 1 3
1 6
Case 2:
α = 2 − 3 i , β = 2 + 3 i
( 2 − 3 i ) 2 + 4 ( 2 + 3 i ) + 1 3
4 − 1 2 i − 9 + 8 + 1 2 i + 1 3
1 6
∴ the answer is 1 6 .
You can generalise this for any quadratic equation,
p ( x ) = x 2 − ( α + β ) x + α β
α 2 + ( α + β ) β + α β = α 2 + α β + β 2 + α β = ( α + β ) 2
Here α + β = 4 , so the answer is 4 2 = 1 6
And if you never have never heard of Vieta's formula (like i had, so i am some knowledge richer), the roots are 2 +/- 3i. If you do the math right you will find 16 as answer too. I must say Vieta's makes it faster :)
From Vieta's Formula
α
+
β
=
4
Now, since
α
is root of the equation; therefore;
α
2
+
1
3
=
4
α
Putting this in required equation; we get:
4
(
α
+
β
)
=
4
(
4
)
=
1
6
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Since α is root of x 2 − 4 x + 1 3 = 0 .
⟹ α 2 − 4 α + 1 3 = 0
⇒ α 2 = 4 α − 1 3
We have to find:
⟹ 4 α − 1 3 α 2 + 4 β + 1 3
⇒ 4 α − 1 3 + 4 β + 1 3
Using Vieta's Formula .
⟹ α + β = 4
⇒ 4 ( α + β ) = 4 × 4 = 1 6