Let be the set of natural numbers. is the function satisfying the conditions:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
What is the value of ?
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k = 1 ∑ 2 0 f ( k ) = f ( 1 ) + f ( 2 ) + f ( 3 ) + ⋯ ⋯ + f ( 1 9 ) + f ( 2 0 )
The second condition says: f ( m ) < f ( n ) if m < n .
We know 1 < 2
Thus, f ( 1 ) < f ( 2 ) . So, f ( 1 ) = 1 [as it is a set of 'Natural numbers']
The first condition says: f ( m n ) = f ( m ) f ( n )
So, f ( 4 ) = f ( 2 ⋅ 2 ) = f ( 2 ) f ( 2 ) = 2 × 2 [according to the third condition]
Hence, f ( 4 ) = 4
As we know 2 < 3 < 4 so, with the help of second condition we get:
Thus, f ( 2 ) < f ( 3 ) < f ( 4 ) which is 2 < f ( 3 ) < 4
Hence, f ( 3 ) = 3
Similarly, we can find with the help of the conditions: f ( 5 ) = 5 ; f ( 6 ) = 6 ; f ( 7 ) = 7 ; ⋯ ⋯ ; f ( 1 9 ) = 1 9 ; f ( 2 0 ) = 2 0 which means f ( k ) = k
Therefore, k = 1 ∑ 2 0 f ( k ) = k = 1 ∑ 2 0 k = 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ ⋯ + 1 9 + 2 0 = 2 1 0