Find the value of the problem

Algebra Level 3

Let N N be the set of natural numbers. f : N N f: N \rightarrow N is the function satisfying the conditions:

(i) f ( m n ) = f ( m ) f ( n ) f(mn)=f(m)⋅f(n)

(ii) f ( m ) < f ( n ) if m < n f(m)<f(n) ~~\text{if}~~ m<n

(iii) f ( 2 ) = 2 f(2)=2

What is the value of k = 1 20 f ( k ) \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{20}f(k) ?

210 196 200 232

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1 solution

S P
May 2, 2018

k = 1 20 f ( k ) = f ( 1 ) + f ( 2 ) + f ( 3 ) + + f ( 19 ) + f ( 20 ) \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{20}f(k)=f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+\cdots \cdots+f(19)+f(20)

The second condition says: f ( m ) < f ( n ) f(m)<f(n) if m < n m<n .

We know 1 < 2 1<2

Thus, f ( 1 ) < f ( 2 ) f(1)<f(2) . So, f ( 1 ) = 1 f(1)=1 [as it is a set of 'Natural numbers']

The first condition says: f ( m n ) = f ( m ) f ( n ) f(mn)=f(m)f(n)

So, f ( 4 ) = f ( 2 2 ) = f ( 2 ) f ( 2 ) = 2 × 2 f(4)=f(2\cdot 2)=f(2)f(2)=2\times 2 [according to the third condition]

Hence, f ( 4 ) = 4 f(4)=4

As we know 2 < 3 < 4 2<3<4 so, with the help of second condition we get:

Thus, f ( 2 ) < f ( 3 ) < f ( 4 ) f(2)<f(3)<f(4) which is 2 < f ( 3 ) < 4 2<f(3)<4

Hence, f ( 3 ) = 3 f(3)=3

Similarly, we can find with the help of the conditions: f ( 5 ) = 5 ; f ( 6 ) = 6 ; f ( 7 ) = 7 ; ; f ( 19 ) = 19 ; f ( 20 ) = 20 f(5)=5; f(6)=6; f(7)=7; \cdots \cdots ;f(19)=19; f(20)=20 which means f ( k ) = k f(k)=k

Therefore, k = 1 20 f ( k ) = k = 1 20 k = 1 + 2 + 3 + + 19 + 20 = 210 \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{20} f(k)=\displaystyle \sum^{20}_{k=1} k=1+2+3+\cdots\cdots+19+20=\boxed{210}

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