A sphere is sliced at R/2 distance from the top and replaced with a right circular cone , that fits the sphere, where the height of the cone is R/2.
What is the volume of red shaded space, which is the difference between the volume of original sphere and the new object?
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Divide the sphere into hemisphere, express the area of the circle as a function of height, integrate the function with respect to height from h=0 to R/2 [int(pi.(R^2 - h^2).dh , 0 , R/2)], add the volume of the other hemisphere and cone, subtract this value from the volume of whole sphere.