Let and be real constants. Minimize the volume of the region bounded between , and , when it is revolved about the -axis.
If this volume can be expressed as , where and are coprime positive integers, submit your answer as .
Bonus: In general, let be a positive integer.
Minimize the volume of the region bounded between , and , when it is revolved about the -axis.
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I did the general case: x 4 n + b x 2 n + c .
The volume V n ( a , b ) = π ∫ 0 1 ( x 4 n + b x 2 n + c ) 2 d x = π ∫ 0 1 ( x 8 n + 2 b x 6 n + ( b 2 + 2 c ) x 4 n + 2 b c x 2 n + c 2 ) d x
= π ( 8 n + 1 x 8 n + 1 + 6 n + 1 2 b x 6 n + 1 + 4 n + 1 b 2 + 2 c x 4 n + 1 + 2 n + 1 2 b c x 2 n + 1 + c 2 x ) 0 1 = π ( 8 n + 1 1 + 6 n + 1 2 b + 4 n + 1 b 2 + 2 c + 2 n + 1 2 b c + c 2 )
⟹ ∂ b ∂ V = 2 π ( 6 n + 1 1 + 4 n + 1 b + 2 n + 1 c ) = 0 and ∂ c ∂ V = 2 π ( 4 n + 1 1 + 2 n + 1 b + c ) = 0
⟹ 4 n + 1 1 b + 2 n + 1 1 c = 6 n + 1 − 1 and 2 n + 1 1 b + c = 4 n + 1 − 1
Solving the system we obtain b = 6 n + 1 − 2 ( 2 n + 1 ) and c = ( 4 n + 1 ) ( 6 n + 1 ) 2 n + 1 .
∂ b 2 ∂ 2 V = 4 n + 1 2 π > 0 and ∂ c 2 ∂ 2 V = 2 π > 0 and ∂ b ∂ ( ∂ c ∂ V ) = ∂ c ∂ ( ∂ b ∂ V ) = 2 n + 1 2 π
The hessian matrix M = ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 4 n + 1 2 π 2 n + 1 2 π 2 n + 1 2 π 2 π ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ and det ( M ) = ( 4 n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) 2 1 6 n 2 π 2 > 0 ⟹ we have a minimum at ( 6 n + 1 − 2 ( 2 n + 1 ) , ( 4 n + 1 ) ( 6 n + 1 2 n + 1 )
After simplifying we obtain: V n = ( 8 n + 1 ) ( 6 n + 1 ) 2 ( 4 n + 1 ) 2 6 4 n 4 π .
Using n = 1 0 ⟹ V m i n = 8 1 ∗ 6 1 2 ∗ 4 1 2 6 4 0 0 0 0 π = 5 0 6 6 5 5 0 8 1 6 4 0 0 0 0 π = n m π ⟹ m + n = 5 0 7 2 9 5 0 8 1 .