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This may be a bit confusing. So the problem said:
3 x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 = 1 2 1
x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 = 3 6 3
x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 − 3 6 3 = 0
Now we will "cheat" a bit:
x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 − 2 7 − 1 2 − 3 2 4 = 0
( x 3 − 2 7 ) + ( x 2 + x − 1 2 ) + ( x 4 + x 5 − 3 2 4 ) = 0
( x 3 − 3 3 ) + ( x 2 + 4 x − 3 x − 1 2 ) + ( x 4 + x 5 − 3 2 4 ) = 0
( x − 3 ) ( x 2 + 3 x + 9 ) + ( x − 3 ) ( x + 4 ) + ( x − 3 ) ( x 4 + 4 x 3 + 1 2 x 2 + 3 6 x + 1 0 8 ) = 0
Now we can see x − 3 on each term, we should have:
( x − 3 ) ( x 2 + 3 x + 9 + x + 4 + x 4 + 4 x 3 + 1 2 x 2 + 3 6 x + 1 0 8 ) = 0
( x − 3 ) ( x 4 + 4 x 3 + 1 3 x 2 + 4 0 x + 1 2 1 ) = 0
⇒ x − 3 = 0 or ( x 4 + 4 x 3 + 1 3 x 2 + 4 0 x + 1 2 1 ) = 0
x − 3 = 0 ⇒ x = 3
( x 4 + 4 x 3 + 1 3 x 2 + 4 0 x + 1 2 1 ) = 0 ⇒ x = I don't know.
So x = 3