Finding a tangent line that intersects a quartic at two points

Calculus Level 3

Find the linear function g ( x ) = m x + b g(x)=mx+b whose graph is tangent to the graph of f ( x ) = x 4 6 x 3 + 13 x 2 10 x + 7 f(x)=x^4-6x^3+13x^2-10x+7 at two points. Write your answer in the form of m + b m+b .


The answer is 5.

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2 solutions

Julian Fekety
Jul 5, 2017

Let ( x 1 , f ( x 1 ) ) (x_1, f(x_1)) and ( x 2 , f ( x 2 ) (x_2, f(x_2) be the points where g ( x ) g(x) is tangent to f ( x ) f(x) . Let's form the function h ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) h(x)=f(x)-g(x) , so h ( x ) = x 4 6 x 3 + 13 x 2 ( 10 + m ) x + 7 b h(x)=x^4-6x^3+13x^2-(10+m)x+7-b . The zeros of h ( x ) h(x) are x = x 1 x=x_1 and x = x 2 x=x_2 and we also know that h ( x ) 0 h(x) \geq 0 for all x x . What's nice is that h ( x ) h(x) can also be written as h ( x ) = ( x x 1 ) 2 ( x x 2 ) 2 h(x)=(x-x_1)^2(x-x_2)^2 . We can expand this to get h ( x ) = x 4 2 ( x 1 + x 2 ) x 3 + ( x 1 2 + 4 x 1 x 2 + x 2 2 ) x 2 2 ( x 1 2 x 2 + x 1 x 2 2 ) x + x 1 2 x 2 2 h(x)=x^4-2(x_1+x_2)x^3+(x_1^2+4x_1x_2+x_2^2)x^2-2(x_1^2x_2+x_1x_2^2)x+x_1^2x_2^2 . By comparing the two forms of h(x) we can get that x 1 = 1 x_1=1 and x 2 = 2 x_2=2 (or vice versa) and therefore m = 2 m=2 and b = 3 b=3 .

Why is h(x)>=0

sn pranav - 3 years, 11 months ago
Kushal Dey
Jan 3, 2021

Whenever we talk about the tangents of polynomial curves, on solving the curve and the tangent we get a perfect square factor at the point of tangency. Thus, x^4-6x^3+13x^2-10x+7-(mx+c) must factor into product of 2 perfect squares (since it's stated tangent at 2 points). In other words we can also say that the biquadratic must be the perfect square of a quadratic. On simplifying it a bit we get, (x^2-3x+2)^2+2x+3-(mx+c). Thus m=2 and c=3. We actually also got the points of tangency by solving the quadratic formed above, which gives us the roots x=1 and x=2.

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