First Quadrant Triangle

Geometry Level 3

A line passes through the point ( 4 , 3 ) (4,3) and creates a triangle in the first quadrant, with the other two sides being the coordinate axes. What is the minimum area of this triangle?


The answer is 24.

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8 solutions

Pi Han Goh
Dec 26, 2013

Let m m be the gradient of the straight line, with m < 0 m<0 , then the equation of the straight line is y 3 x 4 = m \frac {y-3}{x-4} = m or y = m x + 3 4 m y = mx + 3 - 4m

At x x -intercept, y = 0 y = 0 , x x -intercept is 4 m 3 m \frac {4m-3}{m}

At y y -intercept, x = 0 x = 0 , x x -intercept is 3 4 m 3 - 4m

Area of triangle equals to 1 2 × ( x intercept ) × ( y intercept ) = 1 2 4 m 3 m ( 3 4 m ) = 1 2 ( 4 m 3 ) 2 m \frac {1}{2} \times ( x- \text{intercept} )\times ( y- \text{intercept} ) = \frac {1}{2} \cdot \frac {4m-3}{m} \cdot (3-4m) = - \frac {1}{2} \cdot \frac {(4m-3)^2} {m}

To minimize the area of triangle, we find the derivative of the function f ( m ) = 1 2 ( 4 m 3 ) 2 m f(m) = - \frac {1}{2} \cdot \frac {(4m-3)^2} {m}

f ( m ) = 1 2 ( 16 m 24 + 9 m ) f ( m ) = 1 2 ( 16 9 m 2 ) \Rightarrow f(m) = -\frac{1}{2} (16m - 24 + \frac {9}{m} ) \Rightarrow f'(m) = -\frac{1}{2} (16 - \frac {9}{m^2} ) , when f ( m ) = 0 f'(m) = 0 , m = ± 3 4 m = \pm \frac {3}{4} , but because m < 0 m < 0 , m = 3 4 m = - \frac {3}{4} only, and because f ( 3 4 ) > 0 f''(- \frac {3}{4}) > 0 , the area of triangle is minimized when m = 3 4 m = - \frac {3}{4} . Substitute in the value, we get the area of triangle as 24 \boxed{24}

I have an easier solution.

Let the line be x/a + y/b = 1. As its x-coordinate and y-coordinate are a and b, area of the triangle formed = ab/2

As the line passes through (4,3) we put x=4 and y=3 to get 3a + 4b = ab

Hence, area of the triangle = ab/2 = (3a+4b)/2 >= 2 sqrt(3) sqrt(ab) [applying AM-GM inequality since a and b are positive, the intercepts being in 1st quadrant.

As we search for minimum area, ab = 4 sqrt(3) sqrt(ab) or ab = 48 which gives ab/2 = 24.

Christopher Johnboy - 7 years, 5 months ago

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Nice solution :) Thanks for it!

Happy Melodies - 7 years, 5 months ago

One small typo: instead of "x-coordinate and y-coordinate" it should be "x-intercept and y-intercept"

Christopher Johnboy - 7 years, 5 months ago

Great Solution !!! Thanks

Kishlaya Jaiswal - 7 years, 5 months ago

Well... I think you used too much calculus for an elementary geometry problem.

Patrick Engelmann - 7 years, 5 months ago

Thinking by the symmetry of the figure, similarly when we want to know the maximum area of a trapezium within a triangle (median lines), and saying that the line passes through the point (4; 3), should also pass in double coordinates defining vertices of the triangle as (0; 0), (8; 0) and (0; 6), implying that the minimum area is (8 * 6) / 3 = 24?

Alvaro Godoy de Figueiredo - 7 years, 5 months ago
Michael Tong
Dec 29, 2013

The equation of the line can be represented as y 3 = m ( x 4 ) y - 3 = m(x - 4) , where m < 0 m < 0 . Thus, our x and y intercepts are 3 m + 4 -\frac{3}{m} + 4 and 4 m + 3 -4m + 3 , respectively, making our area of the triangle

2 A = 1 m ( 4 m + 3 ) ( 4 m + 3 ) 2A = -\frac{1}{m} (-4m + 3)(-4m + 3)

2 A = 16 m + 24 9 m 2A = -16m + 24 - \frac{9}{m}

Using calculus,

d A d m = 16 + 9 m 2 \frac{dA}{dm} = -16 + \frac{9}{m^2} , so extrema are at m = ± 3 4 m = \pm \frac{3}{4} , and since m < 0 m < 0 then m = 3 4 m = -\frac{3}{4} . We can use the second derivative test to confirm this as a minimum.

Thus, the minimum area is A = 1 2 16 ( 3 4 ) 9 3 4 + 24 ) = 24 A = \frac{1}{2} -16(-\frac{3}{4}) - \frac{9}{-\frac{3}{4}} + 24) = 24

My solution exactly :)

Something interesting that you can prove with this method is that if the hypotenuse of the triangle passes through the point ( x , y ) (x,y) , then the slope of the line that minimizes the area of the triangle is equal to y x -\frac{y}{x} .

Trevor B. - 7 years, 5 months ago
Abubakarr Yillah
Jan 3, 2014

We know that the general form of the equation of a line is y = m x + c {y}={mx}+{c}

Let c be the height of the triangle and

Let the base be the x intercept i.e x = c m x=\frac{-c}{m}

The line passes through the point (4,3) and substituting this point into the general equation, 3 = 4 m + c {3}={4m}+{c}

thus m = 3 c 4 {m}=\frac{3-c}{4}

Area of a triangle equals; A r e a = 1 2 b h {Area}=\frac{1}{2}{bh}

Thus A t r i a n g l e = 1 2 c m × c A_{triangle}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{-c}{m}\times{c}

substituting for m into the above equation we get A t r i a n g l e = 2 c 2 c m A_{triangle}=\frac{2c^2}{c-m}

Differentiating A with respect to c we get d A d c = 2 c 2 12 c ( c m ) 2 \frac{dA}{dc}=\frac{2c^2-12c}{(c-m)^2}

But we know that for a max. or min. value the derivative = 0 .

Thus d A d c = 2 c 2 12 c ( c m ) 2 = 0 \frac{dA}{dc}=\frac{2c^2-12c}{(c-m)^2}={0}

from which we get; 2 c 2 12 c = 0 {2c^2}-{12c}={0}

c = 6 {c}={6}

substituting for c into A t r i a n g l e = 2 c 2 c m A_{triangle}=\frac{2c^2}{c-m}

i.e A t r i a n g l e = 2 ( 6 ) 2 ( 6 ) m A_{triangle}=\frac{2(6)^2}{(6)-m}

A t r i a n g l e = 24 A_{triangle}={24}

Therefore the minimum area of the triangle equals 24 s q . u n i t s \boxed{24sq. units}

Muneeb Ahmad
Dec 30, 2013

Let the slow of line be m Then eqn of line is y-4=m(x-3) Convert this into xy intercept form..... Then area is .5* x intercept* y intercept. .....

The expression is (4m-3)^2/2m

Using differenciation..... the min value is 24

Keshav Bansal
Mar 7, 2014

The minimum area is obtained only when the optimum angle between any line -that passes through a certain point- and X axis should equal 45 degree .. In the case of first quarter the angle equals 135 degree .. now you have the Slope ( = tan(135) = -1) and a point (4,3) so the equation of this line is: (Y-Y1)= Slope * (X-X1) (Y-3)= - (X-4) assume X= 0 and get Y Y-3=4 Y= 7 (0,7) then Y=0 and get X 0-3 = -X+4 X=7 (7,0) so you have the intersection point with the two axis the area of this triangle = 0.577 = 24.5 ...

the solution is 24

Mostafa Hosam
Jan 18, 2014

The minimum area is obtained only when the optimum angle between any line -that passes through a certain point- and X axis should equal 45 degree .. In the case of first quarter the angle equals 135 degree .. now you have the Slope ( = tan(135) = -1) and a point (4,3) so the equation of this line is: (Y-Y1)= Slope * (X-X1) (Y-3)= - (X-4) assume X= 0 and get Y Y-3=4 Y= 7 (0,7) then Y=0 and get X 0-3 = -X+4 X=7 (7,0) so you have the intersection point with the two axis the area of this triangle = 0.5 7 7 = 24.5 ...

the solution is 24

Call x,y are two sides of triangle and x is in horizontal axis. Use Thales theory, we have 4/x+3/y=1. And xy=3x+4y so we can infer that xy>=48 or xy/2>=24

Ajit Athle
Dec 28, 2013

Let the line be: x/a + y/b=1; hence 4/a + 3/b = 1 or b = 3a/(a-4). Tr. Area = (3/2)a^2/(a-4) which is minimum at x=8 or Min A = (3/2)*8^2/(8-4) = 24 sq. Units

How did u know that a a is 8 8 for minimum area of triangle?

Happy Melodies - 7 years, 5 months ago

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differentiate the area with respect to a and equate with 0 to get the value of a required for minimum area.

Gaurish Mishra - 7 years, 5 months ago

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