Flawed isomorphism?

Algebra Level 4

Is there a flaw in the proof below ?

Claim: GL ( n , R ) / SL ( n , R ) R n Z + \textrm{GL}(n,\Bbb R)/\textrm{SL}(n,\Bbb R)\simeq \Bbb R^\ast~\forall~n\in\Bbb{Z^+}

Proof.

Step-1) We define a map ϕ : GL ( n , R ) R \phi\colon\textrm{GL}(n,\Bbb R)\to\Bbb R^\ast by ϕ ( x ) = x \phi(x)=|x| , the determinant of x x .

Step-2) We note that ϕ \phi is a group homomorphism since ϕ ( x y ) = x y = x y = ϕ ( x ) ϕ ( y ) x , y GL ( n , R ) \phi(xy)=|xy|=|x||y|=\phi(x)\phi(y)~\forall~x,y\in\textrm{GL}(n,\Bbb R) .

Step-3) x R , y = x 1 / n I n GL ( n , R ) \forall~x\in\Bbb R^\ast~,~\exists y=x^{1/n}\cdot I_n\in\textrm{GL}(n,\Bbb R) such that ϕ ( y ) = ( x 1 / n ) n = x \phi(y)=(x^{1/n})^n=x , so ϕ \phi is also an epimorphism.

Step-4) By definition of kernel, we see that Ker ( ϕ ) = SL ( n , R ) \textrm{Ker}(\phi)=\textrm{SL}(n,\Bbb R) since X = 1 = e R X SL ( n , R ) |X|=1=e_{\Bbb R^\ast}\iff X\in\textrm{SL}(n,\Bbb R) .

Step-5) By the first group isomorphism theorem , we conclude that GL ( n , R ) / SL ( n , R ) R \textrm{GL}(n,\Bbb R)/\textrm{SL}(n,\Bbb R)\simeq \Bbb R^\ast


Details and Assumptions:

  • A flaw may be any part of a sentence that is false, for example, even if the conclusion made in a step is correct but the justification provided is false (not true in general), the step would be marked as flawed.
  • For two groups G G and H H , we write G H G\simeq H to denote that G G is isomorphic to H H , i.e., there exists a group isomorphism from G G to H H .
  • GL ( n , R ) \textrm{GL}(n,\Bbb R) is the general linear group of the set of invertible square matrices of order n n with real entries under the operation of matrix multiplication.
  • SL ( n , R ) \textrm{SL}(n,\Bbb R) is the special linear group of the set of square matrices of order n n with real entries having determinant 1 1 under the operation of matrix multiplication.
  • R \Bbb R^\ast is the group of non-zero reals under the operation of multiplication of reals.
  • I n I_n is the identity matrix of order n n .
  • e G e_G denotes the identity element of group G G .
No flaw in the proof Step-2 Step-5 Step-4 Step-3 The claim is wrong Step-1

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2 solutions

Patrick Corn
Jun 19, 2016

Step 3 is false because x 1 / n x^{1/n} may not be defined. This can be fixed by instead considering the diagonal matrix with x x in the top left corner and 1 1 elsewhere on the diagonal, which has determinant equal to x . x.

Otto Bretscher
Feb 27, 2016

Step 3 does not work for negative x x and even n n .

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