Is there a
flaw
in the proof below ?
Claim:
GL
(
n
,
R
)
/
SL
(
n
,
R
)
≃
R
∗
∀
n
∈
Z
+
Proof.
Step-1) We define a map
ϕ
:
GL
(
n
,
R
)
→
R
∗
by
ϕ
(
x
)
=
∣
x
∣
, the determinant of
x
.
Step-2) We note that
ϕ
is a group homomorphism since
ϕ
(
x
y
)
=
∣
x
y
∣
=
∣
x
∣
∣
y
∣
=
ϕ
(
x
)
ϕ
(
y
)
∀
x
,
y
∈
GL
(
n
,
R
)
.
Step-3)
∀
x
∈
R
∗
,
∃
y
=
x
1
/
n
⋅
I
n
∈
GL
(
n
,
R
)
such that
ϕ
(
y
)
=
(
x
1
/
n
)
n
=
x
, so
ϕ
is also an epimorphism.
Step-4) By definition of kernel, we see that
Ker
(
ϕ
)
=
SL
(
n
,
R
)
since
∣
X
∣
=
1
=
e
R
∗
⟺
X
∈
SL
(
n
,
R
)
.
Step-5) By the
first group isomorphism theorem
, we conclude that
GL
(
n
,
R
)
/
SL
(
n
,
R
)
≃
R
∗
Details and Assumptions:
-
A
flaw
may be any part of a sentence that is false, for example, even if the conclusion made in a step is correct but the justification provided is false (not true in general), the step would be marked as flawed.
-
For two groups
G
and
H
, we write
G
≃
H
to denote that
G
is isomorphic to
H
, i.e., there exists a group isomorphism from
G
to
H
.
-
GL
(
n
,
R
)
is the general linear group of the set of invertible square matrices of order
n
with real entries under the operation of matrix multiplication.
-
SL
(
n
,
R
)
is the special linear group of the set of square matrices of order
n
with real entries having determinant
1
under the operation of matrix multiplication.
-
R
∗
is the group of non-zero reals under the operation of multiplication of reals.
-
I
n
is the identity matrix of order
n
.
-
e
G
denotes the identity element of group
G
.
Step 3 is false because x 1 / n may not be defined. This can be fixed by instead considering the diagonal matrix with x in the top left corner and 1 elsewhere on the diagonal, which has determinant equal to x .