Let and be relatively prime positive integers such that is odd. Then what is the value of summation above.
Note the notation, .
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For each k denote m k and n k the remainders of k ( m o d m ) and k ( m o d n ) respectively. Then we have ⌊ m k ⌋ + ⌊ n k ⌋ ≡ m ⌊ m k ⌋ + n ⋅ ⌊ n k ⌋ = k − m k + k − n k ≡ m k + n k ( m o d 2 )
Now since ( m , n ) = 1 by the Chinese Remainder theorem the map k ↦ ( m k , n k ) is a bijection so we have k = 0 ∑ m n − 1 ( − 1 ) ⌊ m k ⌋ + ⌊ n k ⌋ = k = 0 ∑ m n − 1 ( − 1 ) m k + n k = i = 0 ∑ m − 1 j = 0 ∑ n − 1 ( − 1 ) i + j = ( i = 0 ∑ m − 1 ( − 1 ) i ) ⋅ ( j = 0 ∑ n − 1 ( − 1 ) j ) = 1