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cot − 1 x is strictly decreasing on the interval [ 0 , 2 0 1 8 π ] and converges to 0, so ⌊ cot − 1 x ⌋ = 0 for x > cot 1 ≈ 0 . 6 4 2 . Therefore, we can ignore this part and focus on the interval [ 0 , cot 1 ] .
cot − 1 0 = 2 π ≈ 1 . 5 7 < 2 ⇒ ⌊ cot − 1 x ⌋ = 1 (Again, because cot − 1 x is strictly decreasing). This means that the area under the graph is simply made up of a rectangle with height 1 and width cot 1 ≈ 0 . 6 4 2 , so its area is cot 1 ≈ 0 . 6 4 2 .