Flux Squared

Calculus Level pending

Consider the following inverse-square vector field (where r \vec{r} is the displacement from the origin):

F ( r ) = r r 3 \vec{F} (\vec{r}) = \frac{\vec{r}}{||\vec{r}||^3}

There is an open surface consisting of a square of side length 1 1 , parallel to the x y xy plane, with its center at ( x , y , z ) = ( 0 , 0 , 1 2 ) (x,y,z) = \Big(0,0,\frac{1}{2} \Big ) .

Determine the absolute value of the flux of the vector field through the surface.


The answer is 2.0944.

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2 solutions

Laszlo Mihaly
Dec 13, 2018

For the inverse square field we are dealing with here the flux only depends on the solid angle, and its value is ϕ = Ω F 0 \phi=\Omega F_0 , where F 0 = 1 F_0=1 is the field strength at unit distance. We can consider the square as one face of a cube, with the source in the center. Because the full 4 π 4\pi solid angle is equally divided between 6 faces in our case Ω = 4 π / 6 = 2 π / 3 \Omega=4\pi/6=2\pi/3 and the flux is ϕ = Ω F 0 = = 2 π / 3 = 2.094 \phi=\Omega F_0==2\pi/3=2.094

Otto Bretscher
Dec 12, 2018

The flux out of the solid region [ 1 2 , 1 2 ] 3 \left[-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right]^3 is 4 π 4\pi , as with any closed surface enclosing the origin. By symmetry, the flux we seek is a sixth of that, 2 π 3 2.094 \frac{2\pi}{3}\approx \boxed{2.094} .

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