The ellipse shown in the figure above is given by 4 1 x 2 + y 2 = 1 . We select a point P randomly on the ellipse and connect the point P with the two foci F 1 and F 2 and extend the line segments to meet the ellipse again at A and B respectively. Find the maximum possible area of such a focal triangle.
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Solving equations and points given, we obtain three points that make up the triangle, ( 7 3 − 2 4 , 7 − 1 ) , ( 7 3 2 4 , 7 − 1 ) , ( 0 , 1 ) , and then find the sides of the triangle by distance formula, to use heron's formula for the area. See the graph and the equations obtained here
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Note that F 1 , F 2 have coordinates ( − 3 , 0 ) and ( 3 , 0 ) respectively. If P has coordinates ( 2 cos t , sin t ) , the A , B have coordinates A : ( − 2 7 + 4 3 cos t 7 cos t + 4 3 , − 7 + 4 3 cos t sin t ) B : ( − 2 7 − 4 3 cos t 7 cos t − 4 3 , − 7 − 4 3 cos t sin t ) (solving simultaneously the equations of P F 1 and the ellipse, and of P F 2 and the ellipse), and hence P A B has area Δ ( t ) = 2 5 − 2 4 cos 2 t 8 3 sin t ( 5 − 3 cos 2 t ) using the fact that the triangle with vertices ( x 1 , y 1 ) , ( x 2 , y 2 ) , ( x 3 , y 3 ) has area equal to half the modulus of the determinant ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ x 1 x 2 x 3 y 1 y 2 y 3 1 1 1 ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ Elementary calculus shows that Δ ( t ) is maximised when t = 2 1 π , and Δ ( 2 1 π ) = 4 9 6 4 3 = 2 . 2 6 2 2 7 0 4 4 3