Folding a charged triangle.

A thin uniformly charged dielectric plate has the shape of a right isosceles triangle. The plate is folded to obtain a similar triangle. The work required to fold the plate is W 1 = 1 J W_{1}=1J . What is the work in Joules W 2 W_{2} required to fold it once more as in shown in the figure?


The answer is 1.41.

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4 solutions

Noah Segal
May 20, 2014

Dice the original triangle into many tiny pieces that are essentially point charges with charge q q . The electric potential energy of the original triangle would be the sum of the electric potential energy of all pairs of little pieces: 1 2 j = 1 i = 1 k q 2 / r i j \frac{1}{2}\displaystyle \sum_{j=1}\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}kq^2/r_{ij} where k k is Coulomb's constant and r i j r_{ij} the distance between pieces i i and j j . Let's call the value of this sum X X

The first folding is equivalent to reducing the distance between each pair of charges by a factor of 2 \sqrt{2} , so the energy after the first fold is 2 X \sqrt{2}X .

2 X X = 1 J \sqrt{2}X-X = 1 J

X = 3.4142... J X = 3.4142... J

The second folding brings every pair closer again by a factor of 1 / 2 1/\sqrt{2} so energy difference before and after the second folding is given by:

2 X 2 X = W 2 2X- \sqrt{2}X = W_2

2 ( 3.4142 ) ( 2 ) 3.4142 = W 2 2(3.4142)- (\sqrt{2})3.4142 = W_2

2 J = W 2 2J = W_2

David Mattingly Staff
May 13, 2014

We can compute the work required to fold a right isosceles triangle by integration. For a triangle of height h and charge Q the answer should be of the form W = C Q 2 h W= C \frac{Q^{2}}{h} where C is an unknown constant. The problem becomes trivial when one realizes that C has the same value for all right isosceles triangles folded as in this problem. Note that the total charge of the triangle does not change when you fold it, i.e.
Q 1 = Q 2 Q_{1}=Q_{2} and therefore we can write W 2 W 1 = h 1 h 2 . \frac{W_{2}}{W_{1}}= \frac{h_{1}}{h_{2}}.
Basic trigonometry yields h 1 h 2 = 2 \frac{h_{1}}{h_{2}}=\sqrt{2} and we arrive at the result W 2 = 2 W 1 . W_{2}=\sqrt{2} W_{1}.

N K
May 20, 2014

I assume that we have here a process which requires energy dissipated in the folding line of the dielectric material. And has nothing to do with it's dielectric properties:)

The 1Watt folding energy was dissipated on a folding line of a length(red broken line) computed as follows: Sqrt(a^2-b^2) where b=(sqrt(2)xa)/2= half length of the Hypotenuse of the leftmost triangle. The folding length thus is = a/sqrt(2) Using the Pythagorian theorem on the folded triangle(middle triangle) where the folding side is along the height(broken red line) . The Hypotenuse is (Sqrt(2)xa)/2 the base is a/2 which gives a height of a/2, this is the length of the folding line on which bending energy is spent. But this time we have to fold a two layered triangle, because of the previous folding, so the effective bending length will be 2xa/2=a, which if divided by a/Sqrt(2) length for 1watt spending will give us Sqrt(2)~ 1.4142watts about

work done in shearing along a length of say l is proportional to area lt where t is thickness of plate.In second fold,shear length is square root 2 times the first case.

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