Proton inside a cyclotron

Consider a standard cyclotron accelerator in which two semi-circular regions (dees) are connected to an AC voltage source which provides an electric field E E and a uniform vertical (out of the page) magnetic B B field inside cyclotron which is perpendicular to the electric field. The electric field switches such that is always points toward the dee the particle is not in.

A proton is released from rest such that it starts rotating in the cyclotron at radius R R and finally comes out from the slits of the cyclotron. The distance between the two semi-circular regions is d d . Find the maximum number of turns proton take before coming out from slit's.

Details and Assumptions

m p = 1.6 × 10 27 kg q p = 1.6 × 10 19 C B = 10 4 T R = 6 m E = 10 V m d = 10 cm { { m }_{ p }=1.6\times { 10 }^{ -27 }\text{ kg}\\ { q }_{ p }=1.6\times { 10 }^{ -19 } C\\ B={ 10 }^{ -4 }\text{ T}\\ R=6\text{ m}\\ E=10\frac{\text{V}}{\text{m}}\\ d=10\text{ cm}\\ } .


The answer is 9.

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2 solutions

Deepanshu Gupta
Sep 13, 2014

I n e a c h t u r n t h a t p r o t o n m a k e , i t s E n e r g y Δ E = 2 q p V W h e r e V = v o l t a g e a p p l i e d t o i t . s o T o t a l e s i n Δ E = n ( 2 q p V ) = n ( 2 q p E d ) a l s o Δ E = Δ K E n ( 2 q p E d ) = 1 2 m p v m a x 2 ( 1 ) s i n c e R = m v m a x q p B ( 2 ) f r o m 1 & 2 n = q p B 2 R 2 4 m p E d n = 9 A n s . In\quad each\quad turn\quad that\quad proton\quad make,\quad it's\\ Energy\quad \Delta E=2{ q }_{ p }V\quad \\ Where\quad V=voltage\quad applied\quad to\quad it.\\ so\quad Total\quad \uparrow es\quad in\quad \\ \Delta E=n(2{ q }_{ p }V)=n(2{ q }_{ p }Ed)\\ also\quad \quad \Delta E=\Delta KE\\ \Longrightarrow n(2{ q }_{ p }Ed)=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { m }_{ p }{ v }_{ max }^{ 2 }\longrightarrow (1)\\ since\quad R=\frac { m{ v }_{ max } }{ { q }_{ p }B } \longrightarrow (2)\\ from\quad 1\quad \& \quad 2\\ \\ n=\frac { { q }_{ p }{ B }^{ 2 }{ R }^{ 2 } }{ 4{ m }_{ p }Ed } \\ n=9\quad Ans.\\ \\ \\ \\ .

nice solution man!

Mardokay Mosazghi - 6 years, 6 months ago

Very well done deepanshu

Harshit Tiwari - 6 years ago

Great solution

Dustin Jourdan - 3 years, 6 months ago

Took twice of it counted 1 turn as one turn of the semicircle :P

Suhas Sheikh - 2 years, 11 months ago

this is the easiest way

Ashwin Gopal - 6 years, 6 months ago
Mvs Saketh
Sep 14, 2014

It will exit the Dee when its radius is R (radius of Dee) or we need

m v / q B = R mv/qB = R . now each time it crosses(equivalent of 1/2 turns) it gains an energy of q E d qEd . , thus after n crosses it gets energy of n q E d = m v 2 / 2 nqEd = mv^2/2 .

Thus solve the two equations to get n as 18.022 18.022 . ..... now two crosses constitute one turn....hence 9.0111 9.0111 . whose box is 9 9 .

q e d is energy changed(potential)

Vignesh Subramanian - 6 years, 8 months ago

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yeah so? energy changed = gain in kinetic energy?

Mvs Saketh - 6 years, 8 months ago

I had edited the slight mistake of typing in your solution..!!

Deepanshu Gupta - 6 years, 8 months ago

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oh was there a mistake,, i didnt notice,, thanks btw :)

Mvs Saketh - 6 years, 8 months ago

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It's O.k bro..!! :)

Deepanshu Gupta - 6 years, 7 months ago

i did only till 18 and was getting angry for not getting answer but ur solution helped me understand that mine was right

Ashwin Gopal - 6 years, 6 months ago

I missed the factor of 2 due to two crossings per turn, but otherwise did OK. But, I had to read "it starts rotating in the cyclotron at radius R" as "cyclotron OF radius R." Otherwise, you don't know the outer radius, and are left to assume the proton is injected at some intermediate radius R. Words are always a problem!

Suzanne Sharrock - 4 years, 1 month ago

Number of turns will also depend on the point of release of proton.If it is released symmetrically then only this answer is correct.Nonethenless interesting question

Suresh Yadav - 3 years, 10 months ago

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