A frog sees a dead fly at the ground in some distance and jumps in consecutive jumps towards it. The trajectory of the frog can be modelled by parabolas . The horizontal length and the maximum height of each jump form a geometric progression , such that each jump will have 3/4 length and 2/3 height of the previous jump and the frog will reach the fly in ∞ jumps . After the first jump the frog travelled 4 cm horizontally and passed through a maximum at P (2|1) .
Calculate the length of the whole trajectory of all jumps till the frog reaches the fly.
Note: You may need to use a CAS for computations
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Let each parabola y n (starting from n = 0 ) be centred at the origin with the vertex at ( 0 , h n ) where h n is the maximum height of the jump, and cutting the x-axis at 2 l n and − 2 l n where l n is the horizontal length of the jump. This gives each parabola the following equation, which can be found by letting y = a x 2 + b and finding appropriate values for a and b such that the above conditions hold. y n = h n ( 1 − l n 2 4 x 2 ) l 0 = 4 , and l n = 4 3 l n − 1 , therefore l n = 4 ( 4 3 ) n
h 0 = 1 , and h n = 3 2 h n − 1 , therefore h n = ( 3 2 ) n ∴ y n = ( 3 2 ) n ( 1 − ( 4 ( 4 3 ) n ) 2 4 x 2 ) = ( 3 2 ) n − ( 3 2 ) n ( 9 1 6 ) n 1 6 4 x 2 = ( 3 2 ) n − ( 2 7 3 2 ) n 4 x 2
Now, the formula for arc length is ∫ a b ( f ′ ( x ) ) 2 + 1 d x . Call the length of the trajectory of one parabola T n . T n = ∫ − 2 l n 2 l n ( d x d y n ) 2 + 1 d x = 2 ∫ 0 2 l n ( − ( 2 7 3 2 ) n 2 x ) 2 + 1 d x = 2 ∫ 0 2 ( 4 3 ) n ( 2 7 3 2 ) 2 n 4 x 2 + 1 = ( 2 7 3 2 ) n ∫ 0 2 ( 4 3 ) n x 2 + 4 ( 3 2 2 7 ) 2 n = ( 2 7 3 2 ) n ⎣ ⎡ 2 x x 2 + 4 ( 3 2 2 7 ) 2 n + 2 ( 3 2 2 7 ) 2 n ln ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ x + x 2 + 4 ( 3 2 2 7 ) 2 n ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ⎦ ⎤ 0 2 ( 4 3 ) n using ∫ x 2 + a 2 = 2 x x 2 + a 2 + 2 a 2 ln ∣ ∣ x + x 2 + a 2 ∣ ∣ = ( 4 3 ) n ( 2 7 3 2 ) n 4 ( 1 6 9 ) n + 4 ( 3 2 2 7 ) 2 n + 2 ( 3 2 2 7 ) n ln ⎝ ⎛ 2 ( 4 3 ) n + 4 ( 1 6 9 ) n + 4 ( 3 2 2 7 ) 2 n ⎠ ⎞ − 2 ( 3 2 2 7 ) n ln ( 2 ( 3 2 2 7 ) n ) = 2 ( 4 3 ) n 1 + ( 8 9 ) 2 n + 2 ( 3 2 2 7 ) n ln ⎝ ⎛ ( 9 8 ) n + 1 + ( 9 8 ) 2 n ⎠ ⎞
The total length of the trajectory of the frog will be n = 0 ∑ ∞ T n , but since this is rather complicated we may just evaluate this with a computer program, and get a result of 1 7 . 4 8 9