From 0 to π \pi

Calculus Level 3

If the integral of x 2 x^{2} c o s 2 x cos^{2} x with respect to x x from 0 0 to π \pi can be expressed as π a b \frac{{\pi}^{a}}{b} + π c \frac{\pi}{c} where a, b and c are positive integers, then a b c = ? abc=?


The answer is 72.

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1 solution

Noel Lo
May 5, 2015

Express x 2 x^2 c o s 2 x cos^2 x as x 2 x^2 ( 1 + c o s 2 x 2 \frac{1+cos 2x}{2} ) first. Upon integration of 1 2 \frac{1}{2} x 2 x^2 , we have 1 2 ( x 3 3 ) \frac{1}{2} (\frac{x^3}{3}) = x 3 6 \frac{x^3}{6} which gives us π 3 6 \frac{\pi^3}{6} upon substitution of 0 and π \pi .

Now to intergrate 1 2 \frac{1}{2} x 2 c o s 2 x x^2 cos 2x , we let 1 2 \frac{1}{2} x 2 x^2 be u u and d v d x \frac{dv}{dx} be c o s 2 x cos 2x . As such, d u d x = x \frac{du}{dx}=x while v = s i n 2 x 2 v=\frac{sin 2x}{2} and we have 1 2 \frac{1}{2} x 2 ( s i n 2 x 2 ) x^2 (\frac{sin 2x}{2}) - the antiderivative of x ( s i n 2 x 2 ) x(\frac{sin 2x}{2}) .

It can be seen that we need to perform integration by parts a second time, but thank goodness 1 2 \frac{1}{2} x 2 ( s i n 2 x 2 ) x^2 (\frac{sin 2x}{2}) will give us 0 when we substitute 0 and π \pi into it.

To integrate x ( s i n 2 x 2 ) -x(\frac{sin 2x}{2}) , we let u = x u = x and d v d x \frac{dv}{dx} be s i n 2 x 2 \frac{-sin 2x}{2} such that d u d x = 1 \frac{du}{dx} =1 while v = 1 2 v=\frac{1}{2} c o s 2 x 2 \frac{cos 2x}{2} = c o s 2 x 4 \frac{cos 2x}{4} and we have x ( c o s 2 x 4 ) x(\frac{cos 2x}{4}) - the antiderivative of ( 1 ) ( c o s 2 x 4 ) (1)(\frac{cos 2x}{4}) = x ( c o s 2 x 4 ) 1 4 ( s i n 2 x 2 ) x(\frac{cos 2x}{4}) - \frac{1}{4} (\frac{sin 2x}{2}) which simplifies to π 4 \frac{\pi}{4} upon substitution.

So we have π 3 6 \frac{\pi^3}{6} + π 4 \frac{\pi}{4} where a = 3 a=3 , b = 6 b=6 and c = 4 c=4 . So a b c = 72 abc = \boxed{72} .

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