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Algebra Level 2

Which is greater; 2 0 18 20^{18} or 1 8 20 18^{20} ?

1 8 20 18^{20} 2 0 18 20^{18}

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1 solution

L = 1 8 20 2 0 18 = 2 20 × 9 20 2 18 × 1 0 18 = 4 × 1 0 2 × ( 9 10 ) 20 = 400 × ( ( 1 1 10 ) 10 ) 2 L = \dfrac{18^{20}}{20^{18}} = \dfrac{2^{20} \times 9^{20}}{2^{18} \times 10^{18}} = 4 \times 10^{2} \times \left(\dfrac{9}{10}\right)^{20} = 400 \times \left( \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{10}\right)^{10}\right)^{2} .

Now f ( x ) = ( 1 1 x ) x f(x) = \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{x} is an increasing function (for x > 1 x \gt 1 ) with limit 1 e \dfrac{1}{e} as x x \to \infty , so f ( 2 ) = 1 4 < ( 1 1 10 ) 10 < 1 e f(2) = \dfrac{1}{4} \lt \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{10}\right)^{10} \lt \dfrac{1}{e} , and thus

1 < 400 16 < L < 400 e 2 1 8 20 > 2 0 18 1 \lt \dfrac{400}{16} \lt L \lt \dfrac{400}{e^{2}} \Longrightarrow \boxed{18^{20} \gt 20^{18}} .

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